Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead having, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. The tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree and access may be had to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure and for the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well. In the embodiment described, a valve is used to open and close a fluid pressure passage between the production casing annulus and a production casing annulus monitoring port in the spool tree.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved well structure and the method of connecting the support ring to the well string within the well bore which includes the steps of lowering the support ring into the well bore in surrounding relationship to the well string and into seated position in the housing seat, lowering a pressure forming tool through the well string to the level of the support ring, pressurizing the tool to form the well string into tight secured and sealed relationship within the support ring and recovering the tool from the well string. The tool includes a means of increasing the pressure used in the forming process without subjecting the interior of the string along its full length to such forming pressure. The structure includes a support ring with an exterior shoulder for engaging the seat within the housing, a sealing profile of a plurality of internal grooves each of which is partially filled with pressure compensating material and a gripping profile of a plurality of gripping teeth.

Abstract: The improved wellhead structure of the present invention includes a casing or tubing string which is sealed to the housing without the aid of elastomeric seals and an internal bushing to assist in providing the tight gripping and sealing engagement between the string and the housing. The structure provides a substantial inner diameter which is unrestricted unless landing shoulder is included in the structure. Also, the internal bushing used with the cold forging of the string into the housing recess improves the gripping and sealing engagement therebetween. In one form the bushing includes a series of external projections which alternate with the gripping and sealing projections within the housing recess and in another form includes a resilient annulus between the interior of the bushing and the string to ensure the uniform application of pressure against the interior of the string.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for operating or setting equipment within a subsea marine wellhead from the surface having an indicating signal provided at the surface of the successful completion of such operation. The steps of the method include the lowering of a well component and the detecting and transmitting equipment on a running string from the surface; detecting the successful completion of the subsea operation, and transmitting to the surface of a signal signifying that the operations within the subsea well head have been successfully completed.

Abstract: An improved repair connector for a subsea tubular member and the method of making such repair. The improved repair connector includes a annular housing and an annular guide, said annular housing having internal grooves filled with pressure compensating material, a concave recess having serrations therein, a rib having a downwardly facing shoulder on the interior of said housing, threads on the upper interior of said housing for receiving a string, and means carried by said guide for sealing against the exterior of a string on which the connector is to be installed. Also, a band of brittle material is positioned within a groove in the exterior of the housing which generates a noise upon the deformation of the housing responsive to completion of the forming of the tubular member therein.

Abstract: An improved wellhead seal for sealing across the annular space between the exterior of a hanger and the interior of a wellhead housing having a seal ring with upper and lower rims, resilient metal lips on the interior of said lower rim for engaging the exterior of the hanger and gripping and sealing elements on the exterior of the upper rim and multiple camming surfaces on the interior of the upper rim and an actuating ring having multiple camming surfaces mating with the multiple camming surfaces on the upper rim so that downward movement of said actuating ring cams the gripping and sealing elements on said upper rim into tight metal-to-metal sealing engagement with the housing interior sealing surface. The sealing may be accomplished directly between the exterior of a hanger rim or by a seal ring positioned between the hanger rim and the interior housing surface.

Abstract: A seal assembly for sealing across the annulus in a subsea wellhead having pressure enhancement provided behind at least one of the sealing surfaces to ensure a positive metal-to-metal sealing. In the preferred form of the invention the seal assembly includes upper sealing lips which diverge upwardly away from each other into sealing engagement with the sealing surfaces against which they are to seal, lower sealing lips which diverge downwardly away from each other into sealing engagement with the sealing surfaces against which they are to seal, and a rim secured to one of the wellhead members and space therefrom to provide a recess behind the rim and open to pressure which is directed toward the sealing lip which is to seal against such sealing surface to provide a pressure energized enhancement of the sealing engagement of the lips against said sealing surface. In other forms of the invention at least one of the rims may be used.

Abstract: The improved wellhead seal assembly includes an annular metal seal ring having upper spaced apart inner and outer rims with an upper energizing ring positioned between such rims and movable axially between them, a resilient seal embedded in and extending through ports in the central portion of the seal ring, lower inner and outer seal rings connected to said central portion of said seal ring by inner and outer bellows and a wedging ring depending from the central portion of the seal ring between such bellows and adapted to move downward between the inner and outer seal rings to wedge them apart into sealing engagement with the inner and outer sealing surfaces, such movement being responsive to downward movement of the upper energizing ring and the flexing of the lower bellows legs and continued movement of said upper energizing ring wedging said upper rims apart into sealing engagement with the inner and outer sealing surfaces, the upper energizing ring being releasably connected to the upper seal rims so tha