Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an adapter for a 2-wire field device, especially a 2-wire field device of process and/or automation technology, comprising a communication unit for, especially wireless, especially bi directional, communication with an external unit, and an energy storage unit for supply of at least the communication unit with electrical energy. According to the present disclosure, the adapter includes a first connection element for, especially electrical, contacting of the adapter with a second, first connection element complementary, connection element of the field device, wherein the at least two connection elements are embodied for supply of at least the adapter with electrical energy and for exchanging information. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a transmitter with an adapter of the present disclosure as well as a 2-wire field device having an adapter of the present disclosure or a transmitter of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an adapter for a 2-wire field device, especially a 2-wire field device of process and/or automation technology, comprising a communication unit for, especially wireless, especially bi directional, communication with an external unit, and an energy storage unit for supply of at least the communication unit with electrical energy. According to the present disclosure, the adapter includes a first connection element for, especially electrical, contacting of the adapter with a second, first connection element complementary, connection element of the field device, wherein the at least two connection elements are embodied for supply of at least the adapter with electrical energy and for exchanging information. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a transmitter with an adapter of the present disclosure as well as a 2-wire field device having an adapter of the present disclosure or a transmitter of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a process variable, of a primary sensor, wherein by means of the primary sensor an analog measurement signal is produced, which analog measurement signal is converted into a digital signal representing the measured variable, wherein by means of at least one secondary sensor at least one reference signal is produced, and wherein as a function of the point in time, at which the reaching of a predetermined state of the process variable, especially the reaching of a value of the reference signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for the analog/digital conversion of a measurement voltage with an analog/digital converter, which has an integrating component with an operational amplifier, a resistor and a capacitor in a feedback loop, wherein a reference voltage is applied to the inverting input of the operational amplifier and wherein the measurement voltage is applied to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier The capacitor is charged during a charging phase of time length (t1) and discharged during a discharging phase of time length, wherein the analog/digital converter further includes a comparator connected downstream from the operational amplifier, a memory element connected downstream from the comparator, a time generator producing the charging time and a counter, the counter detects the edges, or the period length of the pulse-width modulated output signal provided by the A/D converter on the output, and a synchronizing element is provided, which synchronizes the edges of the pulse-width modulated, output s

Abstract: An apparatus for issuance of at least one electrical output signal (Iout), wherein the desired electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is predeterminable, including: at least one measuring resistor, at which the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is measurable; at least one adjuster, via which the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is settable; and at least one controller, which compares the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) measured at the measuring resistor with the electrical current level desired for the output signal (Iout), and which controls the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) via the adjuster; wherein the controller and the measuring resistor are connected with an electric base-potential (VGND); and wherein the base-potential (VGND) is a reference potential for the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for issuance of at least one electrical output signal (Iout), wherein the desired electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is predeterminable, including: at least one measuring resistor, at which the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is measurable; at least one adjuster, via which the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) is settable; and at least one controller, which compares the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) measured at the measuring resistor with the electrical current level desired for the output signal (Iout), and which controls the electrical current level of the output signal (Iout) via the adjuster; wherein the controller and the measuring resistor are connected with an electric base-potential (VGND); and wherein the base-potential (VGND) is a reference potential for the controller.

Abstract: A signal issuing unit for issuance of at least one electrical output signal. The signal issuing unit includes: At least one contact unit, which is embodied in such a manner that a digital electrical signal or an analog electrical signal can be issued by way of it; at least one multiplexer unit, which is embodied in such a manner that it transfers the electrical output signal onto the at least one contact unit; and at least one control unit for control of the multiplexer unit. Additionally, the invention relates to a measuring device having a signal issuing unit of the invention.

Abstract: A plug coupling system includes a first coupling member connected with a transmitter-side end of the bus connection cable and having at least two contact elements, which are galvanically connected each with a respective conductor wire of a bus connection cable, a second coupling member connected with a transmitter-side end of a device connection cable and having at least two contact elements, which are galvanically connected each with a respective conductor wire of the device connection cable, and arranged on the transmitter side, a third coupling member having at least three contact elements, which are connected with a transmitter.

Abstract: A plug coupling system includes a first coupling member connected with a transmitter-side end of the bus connection cable and having at least two contact elements, which are galvanically connected each with a respective conductor wire of a bus connection cable, a second coupling member connected with a transmitter-side end of a device connection cable and having at least two contact elements, which are galvanically connected each with a respective conductor wire of the device connection cable, and arranged on the transmitter side, a third coupling member having at least three contact elements, which are connected with a transmitter.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a circuit arrangement for driving an occupant protection system gas generator whose ignition process can be influenced by a magnetic field; this is based on a switching control principle, with the load coil generating the magnetic field being itself used as a component part of the switching control. For a fast reduction of the magnetic field and thus for accelerating the ignition process, a resistor may by connected into the free-wheeling branch, which is bridged in normal operation. Alternatively, it is possible to effect a return feed of the energy stored in the coil into the self-sufficiency capacitor.

Abstract: An optical monitoring unit includes a transmitting unit having plural light emitting diodes that are connected together two at a time in respective diode pairs. Each diode of each diode pair is respectively selectively connectable to a current source so as to operate as an active transmitting diode, or to a load resistor across which a voltage may be measured so as to operate as a monitoring diode. When any selected single diode is operated as the transmitting diode, its light output is measured and evaluated by operating the other diode of the pair as the monitoring diode, which receives optical crosstalk from the light output of the transmitting diode and correspondingly generates a photoelectric current through the load resistor.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a circuit arrangement for driving an occupant protection system gas generator whose ignition process can be influenced by a magnetic field; this is based on a switching control principle, with the load coil generating the magnetic field being itself used as a component part of the switching control. For a fast reduction of the magnetic field and thus for accelerating the ignition process, a resistor may by connected into the free-wheeling branch, which is bridged in normal operation. Alternatively, it is possible to effect a return feed of the energy stored in the coil into the self-sufficiency capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piezoelectric resonator, a process for the fabrication thereof and its use as a sensor element, which implemented in a through-flow cell, is integratable in a measurement system for the determination of the concentration of a substance contained in a liquid and/or for the determination of the physical properties of the liquid. The piezoelectric resonator is designed plane and is provided on its surface with electric contact areas for an electrode and a counter electrode, which is connectable to a signal source as well as to a measurement device. For measuring, the piezoelectric resonator is brought into contact with the to-be-examined liquid on one side, with the resonator responding to the accumulation of the mass of the to-be-detected substance or to a change in the physical properties of the liquid by changing its resonance frequency and/or oscillation amplitude.