Abstract: It is provided a method for pre-selecting and determining similar documents from a set of documents, where the documents have tokenized character strings. With an indexing method an inverted index for at least one subset of the documents is calculated, word embeddings are calculated for the at least one subset of the documents, a respective document embedding is calculated for the at least one subset of the documents for each of these documents by adding the word embeddings of all of the character strings for each document and normalizing said word embeddings with the number of character strings, the calculated word embeddings are used to calculate SimSet groups of similar character strings by using a clustering method. Then a query expansion is performed in a query phase and then the query embedding is compared with the document embeddings of the documents preselected using the SimSet groups.

Abstract: The steam saving device for a steam explosion system for the hydrothermal pre-treatment of biomass comprises a tubular body 30 with a first open end 32 and a second open end 34. The first open end 32 being adapted to be coupled to an outlet opening 14 of a steam explosion reactor vessel 10, the second open end 34 being adapted to be coupled to a discharge line 18. The inner surface 36 of the tubular body 30 of the nozzle 16 may comprise an engraved helical structure 38.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of biomass-material includes subjecting a lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to comminution, subjecting the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a sifting to separate from the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material a fraction of small-particles, and subjecting the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a pretreatment. Before, during, or after the pretreatment, small particles can be added to the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material. Optionally, the small particles can be added continuously during the pretreatment. The addition of small particles decreases friction of the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material results in decreased process time, energy savings, and reduced production costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reduction of energy consumption during the pretreatment of biomass.

Abstract: The steam saving device for a steam explosion system for the hydrothermal pre-treatment of biomass comprises a tubular body 30 with a first open end 32 and a second open end 34. The first open end 32 being adapted to be coupled to an outlet opening 14 of a steam explosion reactor vessel 10, the second open end 34 being adapted to be coupled to a discharge line 18. The inner surface 36 of the tubular body 30 of the nozzle 16 may comprise an engraved helical structure 38.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reduction of energy consumption during the pretreatment of biomass.

Abstract: The present application pertains to a process for the decomposition of biomass-material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke in drums with of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing 2 with a feed system 4 for high-pressure water, and a housing wall 3 with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b, out of the openings 7 of which high-pressure water jets 28 exit, as well as flow channels 4g, 4h, which connect the feed system 4 with the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b. So that the opening of the boring and cutting nozzles is permanently protected and kept free of deposits of coke or the like, the opening of the boring or cutting nozzle is respectively closable by a one- or multi-part flap, which is adjustable between a closed position and an open position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke, and includes a housing 2 that, in an operating state, is fastened to a drill rod, and in which is arranged at least one cutting nozzle 10 for cutting and a drilling nozzle 9 for drilling coke by means of a water jet, and a control for supplying water flowing through the housing 2 under pressure for drilling or cutting, wherein the control for switching the tool 1 from a drilling mode to a cutting mode and vice versa includes a control device 7 that is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the housing 2 to switch the tool 1, wherein the drilling or cutting mode is set depending on the angular position of the control device 7. To obtain a clear understanding of whether the tool 1 is in drilling or cutting mode, at least one position element 38, 39 is arranged on the control device 7 that displays the angular position of the control device 7 in the drilling and/or cutting mode of the tool 1 through a window 18 in the housing 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke, and includes a housing 2 that, in an operating state, is fastened to a drill rod, and in which is arranged at least one cutting nozzle 10 for cutting and a drilling nozzle 9 for drilling coke by means of a water jet, and a control for supplying water flowing through the housing 2 under pressure for drilling or cutting, wherein the control for switching the tool 1 from a drilling mode to a cutting mode and vice versa includes a control device 7 that is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the housing 2 to switch the tool 1, wherein the drilling or cutting mode is set depending on the angular position of the control device 7. To obtain a dear understanding of whether the tool 1 is in drilling or cutting mode, at least one position element 38, 39 is arranged on the control device 7 that displays the angular position of the control device 7 in the drilling and/or cutting mode of the tool 1 through a window 18 in the housing 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke in drums with of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing 2 with a feed system 4 for high-pressure water, and a housing wall 3 with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b, out of the openings 7 of which high-pressure water jets 28 exit, as well as flow channels 4g, 4h, which connect the feed system 4 with the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b. So that the opening of the boring and cutting nozzles is permanently protected and kept free of deposits of coke or the like, the opening of the boring or cutting nozzle is respectively closable by a one- or multi-part flap, which is adjustable between a dosed position and an open position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cover (20) for a secondary part (2) of an electrical linear motor (1), wherein the secondary part (2) includes at least one first and one second secondary partial element (12), and wherein each secondary partial element (12) comprises a toothed profile, and wherein the cover (20) extends over the toothed profiles of the first and second secondary partial elements (12), forming a continuous surface. The invention further relates to a secondary part (2) comprising a cover (20) and a linear motor (1) comprising a secondary part (2) and a cover (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical machine (1, 2, 210) or its use as a wind power generator and a wind power installation having this electrical machine. The electrical machine has a primary part (3, 4, 222, 212, 213) and a secondary part (5, 6, 224), wherein a disc-like primary part (3, 4, 222, 212, 213) and a disc-like secondary part (5, 6, 224) are provided for forming a disc-shaped air gap, or wherein the electrical machine (1, 2, 210) has a cylindrical primary part (3, 4, 212, 213) and a cylindrical secondary part (5, 6, 224) for forming a cylindrical air gap, wherein a primary part, which can be used for a linear motor, is also used for forming the cylindrical primary part (3, 4, 222, 212, 213).

Abstract: Electric machines which are excited with permanent magnets are to be improved in terms of their smoothness of operation and their loss properties. For this purpose, an electric machine is proposed comprising a first active part (40) on which one electric magnet (41, 42) and at least one permanent magnet (44) are mounted, and a second active part (43) which has a multiplicity of pole teeth (45, 46) and which interacts magnetically with the first active part (40). The pole teeth (45, 46) are spaced apart from one another in a non-uniform fashion in the direction (3) of the movement of the electric machine and/or have different average widths from one another, with the respective width of a tooth being measured in the direction (3) of movement and being averaged in terms of the extent of the tooth in the transverse direction with respect to the direction of travel. The geometry of the tooth causes the harmonics of the magnetic field to be influenced in a selective fashion.

Abstract: A primary component for a linear motor includes at least one laminated core. A winding for creating a first magnetic field is arranged in the grooves of the laminated core. Permanent magnets create a second magnetic field and are arranged on the teeth of the laminated core. The primary component is provided for arrangement with a secondary component, and the primary component and the secondary component are spaced from each other by an air gap. The primary component includes a flat cover, arranged on the side of the primary component facing the air gap.

Abstract: An electric motor with a magnet free main drive component, as stator or secondary part, having a measuring system for determining positions and directions with increased resolution is proposed. Said electric motor comprises a first engine part (140), being moveable in relation to a second engine part (110). A number of magnetic field sensor devices (160) of the measuring system are attached on the first engine part (140), being separated from each other along the direction of movement. The second engine part (110) comprises magnet free pole-teeth (120), being also separated from each other along the direction of movement. Each of the magnetic field sensor devices (160) has at least one magnet, the magnetic field thereof being directed through one of the pole-teeth (120) for detection by a sensor of the magnetic field sensor device. The space between each two of the magnetic field sensor device (160) is different to the space between each two of the pole-teeth (120).

Abstract: The invention relates to a secondary part (2, 3) of a linear electrical machine (5), wherein the secondary part (2, 3) has permanent magnets (11) and a mount (13). The secondary part (2, 3) has spacer elements (9), wherein an installation height of the secondary part (2, 3) is also determined by means of the spacer elements (9). Tolerances of the installation height can be maintained more easily by means of the spacer elements. In a method for manufacturing a secondary part (2, 3) of a linear electrical machine (5), the spacer elements (9) are cast together with the mount (13) on which the permanent magnets (9) are arranged such that the permanent magnets (9) are embedded in the casting compound (15) and the casting compound (15) forms the surface of the secondary part (2, 3) in the region of the permanent magnets (11), wherein the spacer elements (9) protrude out of the casting compound (15) such that part of the surface of the secondary part (2, 3) is also formed by the spacer elements (9).

Abstract: The invention relates to a primary component (2) for a linear motor (1), wherein the primary component (2) comprises at least one laminated core (6). A first means (4) for creating a first magnetic field is arranged in the grooves (17) of the laminated core (6). A second means (5) for creating a second magnetic field is arranged on the teeth (9) of the laminated core (6). The primary component (2) is provided for arrangement with a secondary component (3), and the primary component (2) and the secondary component (3) are spaced from each other by an air gap (13). The primary component (2) comprises a flat cover (15), arranged on the side of the primary component (2) facing the air gap (13).

Abstract: An electric motor with a magnet free main drive component, as stator or secondary part, having a measuring system for determining positions and directions with increased resolution is proposed. Said electric motor comprises a first engine part (140), being moveable in relation to a second engine part (110). A number of magnetic field sensor devices (160) of the measuring system are attached on the first engine part (140), being separated from each other along the direction of movement. The second engine part (110) comprises magnet free pole-teeth (120), being also separated from each other along the direction of movement. Each of the magnetic field sensor devices (160) has at least one magnet, the magnetic field thereof being directed through one of the pole-teeth (120) for detection by a sensor of the magnetic field sensor device. The space between each two of the magnetic field sensor device (160) is different to the space between each two of the pole-teeth (120).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cover (20) for a secondary part (2) of an electrical linear motor (1), wherein the secondary part (2) includes at least one first and one second secondary partial element (12), and wherein each secondary partial element (12) comprises a toothed profile, and wherein the cover (20) extends over the toothed profiles of the first and second secondary partial elements (12), forming a continuous surface. The invention further relates to a secondary part (2) comprising a cover (20) and a linear motor (1) comprising a secondary part (2) and a cover (20).