Abstract: A supervisory system controller for controlling and monitoring the generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and management methods for the storage of energy so generated and interconnecting the energy-generating elements, storage and load. The supervisory system controller operates to maximum the power transfer from a wind turbine to a battery by automatically varying the threshold levels at which turbine dump loads are switched based on system inputs and measurements. The method conserves generator fuel by delaying a scheduled generator maintenance running period such that it occurs when renewable energy availability is predicted to be low and battery is in a reduced state of charge. Further modifications and management methods are also provided.

Abstract: A supervisory system controller for controlling and monitoring the generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and management methods for the storage of energy so generated and interconnecting the energy-generating elements, storage and load. The supervisory system controller operates to maximum the power transfer from a wind turbine to a battery by automatically varying the threshold levels at which turbine dump loads are switched based on system inputs and measurements. The method conserves generator fuel by delaying a scheduled generator maintenance running period such that it to occurs when renewable energy availability is predicted to be low and battery is in a reduced state of charge. Further modifications and management methods are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a cellular communications system; comprising a plurality of voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) measurement means located at respective connections to antennas of said communications system and at respective discontinuities in radio transmission lines to said distributed antennas; wherein each said VSWR measurement means is individually identifiable, has a respective threshold, and is arranged to compare its measured VSWR value to its respective threshold and identifiably indicate an error status if its measured VSWR value exceeds its threshold. Also described is a corresponding method of monitoring a cellular communications system. Also described is a VSWR measurement apparatus, and an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna and such a VSWR measurement apparatus.