Abstract: The present invention herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: A method for simulating alternating current from low power direct current and determining tissue impedance of a biological load.

Abstract: A micro-device for measuring impedance of animal tissue by simulating alternating current with low power direct current to provide a miniaturized device that carries out electrical impedance procedures.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: A micro-device and method for the measurement of impedance through a biological load simulating electrical impedance spectroscopy allows for miniaturization and use of low power direct current.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: An electric incapacitation device varies both the energy of output pulses and the time intervals between them, where all of the time intervals are longer than about 55 msec. The timing choices keep the output pulses from repeatedly coinciding with the T-wave portion of a targeted person's cardiac waveform. This reduces the risk of inducing fibrillation.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: A capacitive discharge stun-gun uses a flyback output circuit in which a semiconductor switch operates under control of a controller or suitable logic circuitry. The flyback circuit can deliver 50-65 kV pulses to a pair of electrodes in order to ionize air adjacent a target in order to initiate good electrical contact. When the electrodes are in good contact with the target, the flyback circuit delivers current at a lower voltage. In one mode of operation the stun-gun is controlled to initially deliver wider pulses optimized for causing air breakdown and to then deliver a series of shorter pulses in pulse groups optimized for causing involuntary muscle cramping.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: A capacitive discharge stun-gun uses a flyback output circuit in which a semiconductor switch operates under control of a controller or suitable logic circuitry. The flyback circuit can deliver 50-65 kV pulses to a pair of electrodes in order to ionize air adjacent a target in order to initiate good electrical contact. When the electrodes are in good contact with the target, the flyback circuit delivers current at a lower voltage. In one mode of operation the stun-gun is controlled to initially deliver wider pulses optimized for causing air breakdown and to then deliver a series of shorter pulses in pulse groups optimized for causing involuntary muscle cramping.

Abstract: Electronic equipment is provided for playing a bingo-like game in a fashion closely simulative of the well known game of bingo played with paper cards. The three main functional components are: a) a central computer that is used both to determine which sets of faces are downloaded into players' game boards and to reconcile cash received by a salesperson with the number of downloaded games authorized to be played; b) players' game boards, each of which is adapted to receive enabling messages from a sales unit, to display enabled sets of playable indicia simulative of a bingo card and to modify that display responsive to a player's input; and c) the sales unit, which is adapted both to send an enabling message to a player's game board responsive to a manual input from a salesperson, and to record each such enabling transaction for later upload to the central computer.

Abstract: Electronic equipment is provided for playing a bingo-like game in a fashion closely simulative of the well known game of bingo played with paper cards. The three main functional components are: a) a central computer that is used both to determine which sets of faces are downloaded into players' game boards and to reconcile cash received by a salesperson with the number of downloaded games authorized to be played; b) players' game boards, each of which is adapted to receive enabling messages from a sales unit, to display enabled sets of playable indicia simulative of a bingo card and to modify that display responsive to a player's input; and c) the sales unit, which is adapted both to send an enabling message to a player's game board responsive to a manual input from a salesperson, and to record each such enabling transaction for later upload to the central computer.

Abstract: Complex, time varying codes (e.g., pseudo-random sequences) are used in an access regulating system that includes three types of synchronized apparatuses. The first apparatus is a central computer, or other suitable means that issues a set of time-dependent code segments to a plurality of the second, linking, type of apparatus (which may comprise end-user communication equipment). The codes are relayed by the linking apparatus to the third, access granting, apparatus that grants access (e.g., to a communication network) only if there is a match between the code from the linking apparatus and a code stored in the access granting apparatus.. The time-varying code segments are chosen so that after the expiation of a predetermined interval none of the code segments in the linking apparatus match code segments in the access-granting apparatus.

Abstract: A maintenance interval indication system, apparatus and method are provided that are cost-effective for general aviation aircraft and that may be retrofitted to existing airplanes. The system includes an on-board aircraft cycle counter and engine run-time and flight time logging instrument that requires no external transducers, no electrical signal inputs and only a single electrical power input from an airframe's electrical system. A microprocessor in the engine cycle logger accepts data input from an acoustic transducer and from a pressure transducer (i.e., altimeter), and correctly logs engine cycles in spite of factors such as: a) touch-and-go landings; b) in-flight engine shutdowns; c) noise from another engine on the same aircraft: d) wide variations in acoustic input levels from one engine to the next; e) changes in acoustic level following an overhaul of the monitored engine; f) transient noise artifacts; and g) transient altitude artifacts.

Abstract: An anti-theft system that can be retrofitted onto existing aircraft disables the starter motor of an engine or engines a predetermined time after the aircraft is taken out of service and re-enables starting only after the pilot has provided adequate identification (e.g. by entering a personal identification number at a cockpit keyboard). The predetermined time interval is selected to be long enough to ensure that the system does not impose a flight hazard by preventing in-flight re-starts. In a preferred version of the system, a drop in the output voltage of the aircraft's main electric power system is used as an indication that the aircraft is out of service. To simplify installation on existing aircraft, the system provides for communication among various functional elements over a pre-existing part of the aircraft (e.g. by imposing AC tones on a starter motor control line).

Abstract: An inventory control system uses an electronic tag that keeps an unalterable log of each step in the handling of a controlled item, which may be a flight safety critical aircraft replacement part. The tag is electrically powered via an inductive coupling to a computer with which it communicates, and comprises a non-volatile computer memory element configured so that data may be written into unused portions of it, but so that no existing data can be overwritten or erased. Each tag contains an unalterable secret identification record that is only accessible to a user who has a valid password. As a countermeasure against sophisticated theft attempts involving communicating with the "smart tag" to defeat the security system by learning the password and thereafter altering identification records, etc., the tag permits only a limited number of attempts to read out the secret identification number.

Abstract: A storage, retrieval, and transmission system is configured to provide fast, efficient telecommunication access to digitized images (e.g., medical diagnostic X-ray images) to multiple requesting subscribers. Image data are downloaded, via the telephone lines, to a remote display terminal as a plurality of portions of a compressed digital image representation. Data from a first transmitted portion is used to construct a displayable image at the terminal. Data from subsequently transmitted portions are combined with the displayable image data to provide an image with an improved resolution.