Abstract: This monosaccharide production method is a method for producing monosaccharides from biomass having a first step 3 in which a raw material biomass is pretreated in 65 to 85 (w/w) % sulfuric acid at a temperature of 30 to 70° C., and a second step 4 in which the first step treatment product pretreated in the first step is subjected to saccharification treatment in 20 to 60 (w/w)% sulfuric acid at a temperature of 40 to 100° C.

Abstract: A feed liquid (sugar-containing liquid) is continuously fed to a fermenter packed with an immobilized microorganism, which is obtained by immobilizing an alcohol producing microorganism on a carrier, for alcohol fermentation. The fermentation liquid is continuously taken out of said fermenter and is heated to a temperature of 35.degree. to 80.degree. C. This liquid is introduced into a flash tank maintained at reduced pressure and is divided into an alcohol-containing steam and a liquid. The alcohol-containing steam is condensed and recovered as alcohol, while the separated liquid is cooled and is cycled back to said fermenter.

Abstract: A continuous alcohol manufacturing process using yeast comprising a zone where a conventional yeast (Yeast B) which has an alcohol producing activity is mainly present (zone of Yeast B); a zone disposed in the fore part of said zone of Yeast B where a yeast (Yeast A) which has an alcohol producing activity and is superior in sugar resistance as compared with Yeast B is mainly present (zone of Yeast A); and a zone disposed in the rear part of said zone of Yeast B where a yeast (Yeast C) which has an alcohol has an alcohol producing activity and is superior in alcohol resistance as compared with Yeast B is mainly present (zone of Yeast C), wherein a substrate solution is supplied to said zone of Yeast A thereby to effect alcohol fermentation; the resulting fermentation liquid is introduced in said zone of Yeast B thereby to effect alcohol fermentation; the resulting fermentation liquid is further introduced in said zone of Yeast C thereby to effect alcohol fermentation; and then a product alcohol broth is obtai

Abstract: Continuous fermentation with yeast to produce alcohol is carried out by continuously passing a carbohydrate-containing substrate liquid through a vessel packed with a thin film means having yeast immobilized therein. Surfaces of the thin film means extend in the direction of flow within the vessel to provide elongated parallel passages. The thin film means occupies from 10 to 65% of the volume of the vessel and preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm. Preferably, the thin film means is formed by mixing an aqueous yeast suspension with a photo-crosslinkable resin and subjecting the mixture to radiation to photo-crosslink the resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising at least a metal salt of heteropoly-acid, which is composed of a sort of heteropoly-acid and one or more metals selected from a group of the first transition metals of the periodic table. The catalyst of the present invention exhibits high activity and selectivity in the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia at a temperature of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. and offers high resistivity to the poisonous effect of sulfur oxides. It does not entail a wasteful use of the reducing agent, because the catalyst of the present invention does not accelerate the reaction of the reducing agent such as ammonia with oxygen coexisting in the waste gas to be treated, which results in the elimination of the undesired excessive consumption of the reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from a waste gas containing said nitrogen oxides in conjunction with sulfur oxides is disclosed, which process comprises allowing said waste gas to come into contact with ammonia as the reducing agent at temperature in the range of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C in the presence of a catalyst wherein an active component containing iron or copper as the active metal is supported on a silica-alumina type carrier containing not less than 60% by weight of silica and the pore volume occupied by the pores measuring 150 A or over in diameter exceeds 0.15 cc/g, for thereby causing selective catalytic reduction of said nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Solid supported catalysts for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in waste gases utilizing ammonia as the reducing agent, the catalyst comprising at least one metallic oxide, sulfate or phosphate of a first transition metal supported on an alumina or silica-alumina carrier; the carrier containing from 0.03 to 20% by weight sulfur, based on the weight of the carrier, calculated as a sulfate or sulfite radical.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from a waste gas containing said oxides in conjunction with sulfur oxides which comprises contacting said waste gas with ammonia as a reducing agent at temperatures of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C in the presence of a catalyst wherein an active component containing iron or copper as the active metal and a sulfate of aluminum are supported on a silica carrier.