Abstract: A liquid crystal color display device including a liquid crystal display cell having a Fredericksz transition effect, and a driving circuit for the display cell. At least one of the opposed electrodes of the liquid crystal display cell is divided into a plurality of electrode members aligned in a row, while the driving circuit supplies driving voltages to the plurality of electrode members corresponding to sound signals, the driving voltages being supplied sequentially having different levels in the order of alignment of the plurality of electrode members.

Abstract: There discloses a matrix liquid-crystal display device which is effective for the display of images particularly in a TV set and in which the liquid-crystal layer contains a dopant in a specific range of quantity which is far greater than a quantity of dopant employed in any known device.

Abstract: A thin film transistor comprises a substrate, a gate electrode, a drain electrode, a source electrode, an insulative layer, and a semiconductor layer for the purpose of switching display signals to be applied to at least one display element of a display device. Preferably, the thin film transistor is mounted on the same substrate on which the display element is mounted. The selected material for the display element electrode is identical to at least one selected from the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode. In another aspect of the present invention neither the gate electrode nor the insulating layer overlap either of the drain electrode or the source electrode. A resistance value of the semiconductor layer between the source and the drain electrodes is considerably less than the resistance value of the semiconductor channel layer controlled by the gate electrode. For this purpose, at least one of the width, thickness, and impurity concentration is varied therebetween.

Abstract: An electro-chromic display device comprises an electro-chromic material and an electrolyte between a display electrode formed by a combination of a plurality of segments, and counter electrode disposed opposite thereto, and undergoes a reversible reaction for developing or erasing a color upon application of voltage or reverse polarity voltage. The counter electrode comprises a molded product obtained by molding under pressure a mixture of the powders of a solid oxidation-reduction type active material and an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A multi-layered liquid crystal display device has a stack of liquid crystal layers. Each of the liquid crystal layers is disposed in such an orientation vector between each pair of plates as to bring its good display contrast area following the conversion of the molecular alignment into agreement with each other with regard to a whole display area.

Abstract: Electrochromic display device in which a display electrode is formed by depositing electrochromic material to a required configuration on a transparent conductive film comprising a portion contacted by the electrochromic material and a portion constituting a lead extension for connection to an external circuit, and both the conductive film lead extension and electrochromic material are covered by a layer of material which permits passage of ions between an electrolyte and the electrochromic material but is an insulator with respect to electrons, and thus colored display may be effected in a required manner but damage of the conductive film is prevented.

Abstract: An electrode structure on a matrix type liquid crystal display panel includes M column electrodes and N row electrodes both of which cross each other at a right angle to define picture elements via a layer of liquid crystal material. The matrix shaped electrode structure is such that a third picture element C (X.sub.m ', X.sub.n ') is located between a first picture element A (X.sub.m, Y.sub.n) and a second picture element B (X.sub.m+1, Y.sub.n+1), wherein 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.M and 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N, thus enhancing resolution in vertical and horizontal directions. A diamond shape is exemplary of the possible shapes of the picture elements wherein each pair of the diagonally disposed corners are connected to that of their adjacent elements.

Abstract: A new driving technique is disclosed for a liquid crystal display panel for displaying at least two rows of characters and a cursor line while scanning scanning lines of the panel, which technique can decrease the number of scanning lines and increases the above defined voltage margin by scanning the scanning lines each two rows at a time in a line sequential scanning fashion and skipping the scanning of a cursor line electrode in a row where a display of the cursor line is unrequired, thus ensuring good contrast and viewing angle characteristics of the panels.

Abstract: A fluorescent liquid crystal display composition comprising a liquid crystal material absorbing little or no near ultraviolet light and a fluorescent material capable of emitting visible fluorescence, and a fluorescent liquid crystal display device comprising two parallel plates with the composition placed therebetween, at least one pair of electrodes and a voltage source for applying voltage to the composition to provide a self-luminescent brilliant active display with low power consumption by varying the luminescence efficiency of the fluorescent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device containing a fluorescent material comprises a pair of electrodes, a pair of substrates, and an element for making liquid crystal mixtures in such a molecular orientation that the fluorescent materials generate no fluorescence at a selected portion of the pair of electrodes and accordingly no fluorescence penetrates through the liquid crystal mixtures. The element comprises a liquid crystal molecule orientation layer made of a layer of surfactant or electric power sources. The liquid crystal molecule orientation is formed over the pair of electrodes to produce a homeotropic orientation of a nematic mesophase. The electric power sources are applied to the pair of electrodes to form the homeotropic orientation of the nematic mesophase in a background area of the display device opposed to a display area of it.

Abstract: A multi-layer, matrix type liquid crystal display panel is provided with an electrode structure which prevents the display dots from being overlapped with each other. Each of display patterns is provided through the utilization of a necessary number of line electrodes and a necessary number of column electrodes. According to the present invention, at least a necessary number of the line electrodes per display pattern unit are disposed as a single family in the front side cell or in the rear side cell. The respective families of the line electrodes are disposed alternatively in the front cell or in the rear cell, keeping the display dots within the same display pattern from being overlapped with respect to each other.

Abstract: Within a matrix display type liquid crystal display having a first family of electrodes aligned in one direction at least the viewing side of which is made of transparent conducting material, a second family of electrodes aligned in a different direction crossed with said one direction, and a liquid crystal material between the both families of the electrodes, a respective one of the electrodes of at least one family of said both electrode families is made up of a picture element electrode and a wiring electrode for connecting the picture element electrodes and an extension electrode connected to the wiring electrode and an electrode width at a portion thereof other than a picture element area wider than the picture element are for the purpose of reducing the resistance of the wiring electrode.

Abstract: A constant-voltage circuit is interposed between a power source and a driver circuit for an electrochromic display. The constant-voltage circuit functions to compensate for variations of an output level of the power source in order to stabilize coloration and bleaching operations. Switching means are interposed between the power source and the constant-voltage circuit for placing the constant-voltage circuit in an operative condition only when the coloration operation or the bleaching operation is conducted.

Abstract: In a method for driving row electrodes (or column electrodes) of a matrix type liquid crystal display panel having a predetermined number of the row electrodes and a predetermined number of the column electrodes, different drive voltages are supplied to the row electrodes or the column electrodes so as to assure, the highest contrast despite different viewing or displaying positions.

Abstract: An alignment structure provided in a twisted nematic field effect mode (TN-FEM) liquid crystal display includes, a first insulating layer deposited substantially along the normal direction of one of the supports, a second insulating layer deposited on said first insulating layer in a direction slant to the normal direction of the support, and a third insulating layer deposited on the second insulating layer slant to a direction rotated ninety degrees from said direction while the normal line of the support serves as the rotation axis thereof, thereby providing a three-layer alignment structure.

Abstract: An XY matrix type liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of X electrodes aligned at a given interval in one direction, a plurality of Y electrodes alinged at a given interval in a direction normal to the one direction and a layer of liquid crystal composition disposed between the X and Y electrodes. While an electrode layer forming the Y electrodes is shaped connect divided picture element electrodes, the counterpart forming the X electrodes is arranged to confront with two or more picture element electrodes along the Y axis. Further, each of the Y electrodes is divided into two along the Y axis. A contact area of each of the divided by two Y electrodes extends toward two opposing ends of a support where the Y electrodes are disposed.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is formed on a transparent substrate in a desired configuration. An electrochromic layer is formed on the entire surface of the transparent substrate inclusive of the surface of the transparent electrode. The electrochromic layer is initially placed in the coloration state. A back layer which exhibits color sensation different from that of the coloration state of the electrochromic layer is disposed above the electrochromic layer. A desired electrode is selected to bleach the electrochromic layer formed thereon, through which the back layer is recognized, thereby displaying a desired pattern in the negative type.

Abstract: A twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell comprises a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between front and rear substrates on which transparent electrodes are formed, a front polarizer disposed in front of the front substrate, and a rear polarizer disposed at the back of the rear substrate. The rear substrate comprises a glass plate, and the front substrate comprises a fiber plate. The fiber plate comprises a plurality of optical fibers of which axes are perpendicular to the plane determined by the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal and a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of the quaternary ammonium salts of carboxylic acids and the quaternary ammonium hydroxides.