Abstract: Metal oxide particles have p-type semiconductivity. The metal oxide particles have a volume-based particle size distribution having a first local maximum value and a second local maximum value. The first local maximum value is in a range of 0.1 ?m or more and less than 5 ?m, and the second local maximum value is in a range of 5 ?m or more and less than 50 ?m. A ratio of the second local maximum value to the first local maximum value is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0. 99% by volume or more of the metal oxide particles have a particle diameter in a range of from 0.1 to 50 ?m.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a support, a charge-transporting layer, a silicone-containing layer, and a metal oxide film. The charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting material or a dye-sensitizing electrode layer including a sensitizing dye. The charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support. The silicone-containing layer is disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide film is disposed on or above the silicone-containing layer. A ratio [Q(ACL)/Q(CTL)] is 10% or greater, where Q(ACL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (ACL) measured by a time-of-flight method, and Q(CTL) is a time integral of a transient photocurrent waveform of an electronic device (CTL) measured by a time-of-flight method.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a support; a charge-transporting layer including an organic charge-transporting material or a sensitizing dye electrode layer including an organic sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer is disposed on the support; and a ceramic film disposed on the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a support; a charge-transporting layer including a charge-transporting material, or a sensitizing-dye electrode layer including a sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support; and a metal oxide layer disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide layer includes p-type semiconductor metal oxide and silica or metal oxide particles, and an amount of the silica or metal oxide particles included in the metal oxide layer is 0.5% by mass or greater but 1.5% by mass or less, relative to the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a support, a photoelectric conversion layer, an undercoat layer, and a surface layer; where the photoelectric conversion layer, the undercoat layer, and the surface layer are disposed on or above the support in this order. The surface layer is a ceramic film, and the undercoat layer includes a siloxane resin.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a support; a charge-transporting layer including an organic charge-transporting material or a sensitizing dye electrode layer including an organic sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer is disposed on the support; and a ceramic film disposed on the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing dye electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer containing fluororesin particles, non-fluororesin particles, and a cured resin. The fluororesin particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.01 to 0.3 ?m in a cross-sectional image of the surface layer as observed by a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 5,000 times, and when the cross-sectional image is segmented into uniform regions each being 1 ?m×4 ?m, a standard deviation of areas each of which is occupied by the fluororesin particles and the non-fluororesin particles in each of the regions is 0.2 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer containing fluororesin particles, non-fluororesin particles, and a cured resin. The fluororesin particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.01 to 0.3 ?m in a cross-sectional image of the surface layer as observed by a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 5,000 times, and when the cross-sectional image is segmented into uniform regions each being 1 ?m×4 ?m, a standard deviation of areas each of which is occupied by the fluororesin particles and the non-fluororesin particles in each of the regions is 0.2 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, wherein the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting, wherein the undercoat layer contains at least metal oxide particles, a binder, and a salicylic acid derivative such as 4-methylsalicylic acid, wherein the metal oxide particles have a volume resistivity of 1×105 ?·cm or higher but 1×108 ?·cm or lower, wherein the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of 0.001×106 ?·cm or higher but 0.02×106 ?·cm or lower, and wherein the undercoat layer has a thickness of 2 micrometers or greater but 20 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a support, an undercoat layer, and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer being disposed on the support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, a urethane bond-containing resin, and methylethyl ketone oxime, and the undercoat layer satisfies a formula below: 10<M/L<400??(Formula) where M is a ratio (ppm) of the methylethyl ketone oxime included in the undercoat layer, and L is an average thickness (?m) of the undercoat layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, wherein the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting, wherein the undercoat layer contains at least metal oxide particles, a binder, and a salicylic acid derivative such as 4-methylsalicylic acid, wherein the metal oxide particles have a volume resistivity of 1×105 ?·cm or higher but 1×108 ?·cm or lower, wherein the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of 0.001×106 ?·cm or higher but 0.02×106 ?·cm or lower, and wherein the undercoat layer has a thickness of 2 micrometers or greater but 20 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of R1 and R2 independently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an undercoat layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a urethane resin, a metal oxide particle and a compound having the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, a dialkylamino group optionally having a substituent or an diarylamino group optionally having a substituent; and R3 and R4, R4 and R5, R6 and R7, and R7 and R8 may be bonded with each other to form an aromatic ring.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a support, an undercoat layer, and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer being disposed on the support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, a urethane bond-containing resin, and methylethyl ketone oxime, and the undercoat layer satisfies a formula below: 10<M/L<400??(Formula) where M is a ratio (ppm) of the methylethyl ketone oxime included in the undercoat layer, and L is an average thickness (?m) of the undercoat layer.

Abstract: A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of R1 and R2 independently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.

Abstract: A photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer being disposed over the conductive support, the photoconductive layer being disposed over the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, wherein when a film thickness of the undercoat layer is 20 ?m, the undercoat layer has transmittance of 50% or more to light having a wavelength in a range of 500 nm or more but 800 nm or less, wherein a lowest transmittance of light is 85% or less in the range, and wherein when an electric field of 5 V/?m is applied to the undercoat layer, volume resistivity of the undercoat layer is 1.0×107 ?·cm or more but 5.0×108 ?·cm or less at an environment of 23° C. and 55% RH.

Abstract: Provided is a photoconductor including a conductive support, an intermediate layer containing metal oxide particles, and a photoconductive layer. The intermediate layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting. An elastic power (We/Wt value) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20.0% but less than 35.0%. A Martens hardness (HM) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 350 [N/mm2] but less than 450 [N/mm2].

Abstract: A electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer overlying the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a metal oxide particle, binder resin, and a compound having a urea group.