Abstract: To provide a cathode active material with which a lithium ion secondary battery which has a high discharge capacity, of which initial DCR is not high, and of which an increase of DCR is suppressed even when a charge and discharge cycle is repeatedly carried out, can be obtained. A cathode active material comprising secondary particles having a plurality of primary particles of a lithium-containing composite oxide agglomerated, the lithium-containing composite oxide being represented by LixNiaCobMncMdOy (x: 1.1 to 1.7, a: 0.15 to 0.5, b: 0 to 0.33, c: 0.33 to 0.85, M: another metal element, d: 0 to 0.05, a+b+c+d=1, and y: the number of moles of oxygen atom (O) required to satisfy the valences of the metal elements), and I020/I003 in an X-ray diffraction pattern being from 0.02 to 0.3, wherein the porosity in a cross section of the secondary particles is from 5 to 20%, and the percentage of the maximum void in a cross section of the secondary particles is from 0.1 to 10%.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1 and a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, in which |Tc1?Tc2| is equal to or less than 50° C.

Abstract: To provide a carbonate compound and a cathode active material, whereby a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. A process for producing a carbonate compound, which comprises mixing a sulfate (A) comprising a sulfate comprising a sulfate of Mn and a sulfate of Ni, or a sulfate comprising a sulfate of Mn, a sulfate of Ni and a sulfate of Co, and a carbonate (B) which is at least one carbonate selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, in the form of aqueous solutions and controlling the proportion of Mn to the total of Ni, Co and Mn contained in the sulfate (A) to be higher than 65 mol % at the initiation of the mixing, to precipitate a carbonate compound having a proportion of Mn of from 33.3 to 65 mol %, a proportion of Ni of from 17.5 to 50 mol % and a proportion of Co of from 0 to 33.3 mol % to the total of Ni, Co and Mn in the total average composition.

Abstract: A data output control apparatus includes a memory unit storing a plurality of data being output and values respectively associated with the data, the plurality of data and the values being corresponded respectively, a display control unit displaying a slider bar on a display unit, the slider bar receiving selection of a specific value from a range of the corresponded values, an input unit receiving an input of a select value selected by the slider bar displayed on the display unit, and an output control unit reading data corresponding to the data input by the input unit from the memory unit, the data being corresponded to the select value selected by the slider bar.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head which discharges a liquid from a nozzle opening including a piezoelectric body layer and a piezoelectric element possessing an electrode which is arranged on the piezoelectric body layer, wherein the piezoelectric body layer consists of a complex oxide having a perovskite structure, and when 2? is fixed within the range of 21.9° to 22.7° to scan in the direction of the ?-axis, the piezoelectric body layer has a peak in the range of 4.75° to 28.3° and when 2? is fixed within the range of 31.1° to 32.6° to scan in the direction of the ?-axis, the piezoelectric body layer has a peak in the range of 24.8° to 40.75°.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material having excellent cycle characteristics and a small decrease in the discharge voltage, and a process for its production. A process for producing a cathode active material, which comprises a step of mixing at least one sulfate (A) selected from the group consisting of a sulfate of Ni, a sulfate of Co and a sulfate of Mn with at least one carbonate (B) selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate in an aqueous solution state to obtain a coprecipitated compound, a step of mixing the coprecipitated compound with an aqueous phosphate solution, a step of volatilizing a water content from the mixture of the coprecipitated compound and the aqueous phosphate solution to obtain a precursor compound, and a step of mixing the precursor compound with lithium carbonate and firing the mixture at from 500 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid ejecting head includes forming a first electrode made of platinum, forming a buffer layer made of a compound having a pyrochlore structure that contains bismuth or platinum on the first electrode, forming an oxide layer made of an oxide containing bismuth on the buffer layer, forming a piezoelectric layer made of a compound having a perovskite structure that contains bismuth by burning the oxide layer, and forming a second electrode on the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element which includes an adhesion layer made of composite oxide having perovskite structure including at least one of bismuth, manganese, iron, and titanium; a first electrode provided on the adhesion layer and made of metal preferentially oriented in a (100) face; a piezoelectric body layer provided on the first electrode and made of composite oxide having perovskite structure preferentially oriented in the (100) face; and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric body layer.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric element that has a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer provided on the first electrode, and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer, an average grain size of crystal grains aligned in a planar direction within 15° from a (100) plane is less than the average grain size of the crystal grains facing a planar direction inclined by more than 15° from the (100) plane, in a case in which the crystal orientation of the piezoelectric layer is analyzed using an electron beam backscatter diffraction method (EBSD).

Abstract: In a method for controlling a communication system, the reception device reports a first size of a free space of a buffer in the reception device to the transmission device. The transmission device controls transmission of first data with a first priority to the reception device based on the first size. The transmission device controls transmission of second data with a second priority lower than the first priority to the reception device based on a threshold less than the first size.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric element that has a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer provided on the first electrode, and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer, an average grain size of crystal grains aligned in a planar direction within 15° from a (100) plane is less than the average grain size of the crystal grains facing a planar direction inclined by more than 15° from the (100) plane, in a case in which the crystal orientation of the piezoelectric layer is analyzed using an electron beam backscatter diffraction method (EBSD).

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, and a third component that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure in which the component is formed as the same crystal system as the second component and Curie temperature Tc3, in which Tc1 is higher than Tc2, and Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc1.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1 and a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, in which |Tc1?Tc2| is equal to or less than 50° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature e Tc2, and a third component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc3 different from the first component, and in which Tc2 is higher than Tc1, Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc2, and a value of (0.1×Tc1+0.9×Tc2) is equal to or lower than 280° C.

Abstract: To provide a liquid ejecting head having a piezoelectric layer in which crack occurrence is suppressed and the crystal is oriented in a specific orientation, a piezoelectric element a liquid ejecting apparatus and a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element. A liquid ejecting head which discharges liquid from a nozzle opening, includes a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and a first electrode and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer has a buffer layer made of bismuth manganate or a mixed crystal of bismuth manganate and bismuth ferrite, provided on the first electrode, and a piezoelectric material layer having a perovskite structure, provided on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer between the first and the second electrodes. The piezoelectric layer includes a buffer layer disposed on the first electrode and containing Bi and an element selected from Al, Si, Cr, and Mn and a complex oxide layer disposed on the buffer layer and having a perovskite structure containing Bi, Fe, Ba, and Ti.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head is provided with a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and a first electrode and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer, in which the piezoelectric layer contains a buffer layer provided on the first electrode and having a perovskite structure containing bismuth, iron, and at least one of zinc and nickel and a complex oxide layer provided on the buffer layer and having a perovskite structure containing bismuth, iron, barium, and titanium.

Abstract: The present embodiments disclose an axial hydraulic pump including a residual pressure regenerating circuit (30) which is a pipe line communicating with a top dead center side communication port (31) and a bottom dead center side communication port (32). Further, the axial hydraulic pump includes cylinder ports (26-1 to 26-8) which are provided in the respective cylinder bores of the cylinder block (6) and are operated with the rotation of the cylinder block (6). Even further, the axial hydraulic pump includes communication holes (41-1 to 41-8) which communicate with the top dead center side communication port (31) and the bottom dead center side communication port (32).

Abstract: A piezoelectric layer includes a buffer layer containing an oxide containing Bi and Co and disposed on an electrode, and a layer disposed on the buffer layer and containing a perovskite oxide containing Bi, Ba, Fe and Ti. A piezoelectric element includes the piezoelectric layer and the electrode. A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle aperture, and the piezoelectric element. A liquid ejecting apparatus includes the liquid ejecting head.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprises a piezoelectric layer and electrodes provided to the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer has a perovskite structure that includes Bi, Fe, Ba, Ti, and Co, and the mole ratio of Co to the total amount of Co and Fe is 0.02 or more and 0.07 or less.