Abstract: A component comprises a film containing yttrium oxide. A cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more. A Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A?B1?1.2A, 0.8A?B2?1.2A, and 0.8A?B3?1.2A.

Abstract: A component comprises a film containing yttrium oxide. A cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more. A Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A?B1?1.2A, 0.8A?B2?1.2A, and 0.8A?B3?1.2A.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for simultaneously improving a fuel efficiency and obtaining a satisfactory hill start performance due to a downsized engine. The system includes an electric assist turbocharger which includes a turbine disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine and driven by exhaust gas, a compressor disposed in an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor assisting a driving force of the compressor and an electric motor control unit which drives the electric motor when detecting a start operation at a sloping road.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for achieving both improvement of fuel efficiency by engine downsizing and excellent shock loading resistance. The system includes: a power-assisted turbocharger mounted on a vehicle having an accessory and including a turbine disposed on an exhaust passage of an engine and driven by exhaust, a compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor that assists a drive force of the compressor; and an electric motor control unit that drives the electric motor when the accessory is being driven.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for ensuring a sufficient exhaust gas recirculation (“EGR”) amount in all operating conditions, and reducing NOx emission from an engine. The system includes an EGR controller that re-circulates a part of exhaust gas discharged from the engine to an intake side. The turbocharger is a power-assisted turbocharger including an electric motor that assists a drive force of a compressor. The EGR controller controls an amount of exhaust gas recirculated to the intake side so as to inhibit the generation of NOx regardless of an amount of oxygen necessary for combustion of the engine. An electric motor control unit drives the electric motor, by the control of the EGR controller, when the amount of oxygen necessary for the combustion of the engine is deficient.

Abstract: An engine system for ensuring a sufficient boost pressure during engine braking and improving a braking force of a compression release brake. The system includes: a compression release brake device that operates a compression release brake to obtain a braking force during engine braking by forcibly opening an exhaust valve and releasing a compressive pressure near a compression top dead center of an engine; a power-assisted turbocharger including a turbine disposed on an exhaust passage of the engine and driven by exhaust, a compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor that assists a drive force of the compressor; and an electric motor control unit that drives the electric motor when the compressor release brake is operated.

Abstract: A turbocharger system includes: a high-pressure stage turbocharger including a high-pressure stage turbine disposed on an exhaust passage and driven by exhaust, and a high-pressure stage compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the high-pressure stage turbine; and a low-pressure stage turbocharger including a low-pressure stage turbine disposed on the exhaust passage of a more downstream side than the high-pressure stage turbine and driven by exhaust, and a low-pressure stage compressor disposed on the intake passage of a more upstream side than the high-pressure stage compressor and driven by a rotational torque of the low-pressure stage turbine, wherein the high-pressure stage turbocharger includes an electric motor that assists a drive force of the high-pressure stage compressor.

Abstract: An engine system for ensuring a sufficient boost pressure during engine braking and improving a braking force of a compression release brake. The system includes: a compression release brake device that operates a compression release brake to obtain a braking force during engine braking by forcibly opening an exhaust valve and releasing a compressive pressure near a compression top dead center of an engine; a power-assisted turbocharger including a turbine disposed on an exhaust passage of the engine and driven by exhaust, a compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor that assists a drive force of the compressor; and an electric motor control unit that drives the electric motor when the compressor release brake is operated.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for simultaneously improving a fuel efficiency and obtaining a satisfactory hill start performance due to a downsized engine. The system includes an electric assist turbocharger which includes a turbine disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine and driven by exhaust gas, a compressor disposed in an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor assisting a driving force of the compressor and an electric motor control unit which drives the electric motor when detecting a start operation at a sloping road.

Abstract: An engine system capable of immediately restarting an engine upon detecting a driver's reaccelerating operation while an engine speed is decreased by idle-stop control. The system includes an idle-stop control unit which performs the idle-stop control of stopping fuel injection to the engine when the engine idly rotates upon stopping the vehicle by connecting an electric assist turbocharger obtained by the combination of a turbocharger and a motor to an intake and exhaust system of the engine. The idle-stop control unit is configured to restart the engine by resuming the fuel injection to the engine while operating a motor upon detecting the reaccelerating operation during the idle-stop control.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for achieving both improvement of fuel efficiency by engine downsizing and excellent shock loading resistance. The system includes: a power-assisted turbocharger mounted on a vehicle having an accessory and including a turbine disposed on an exhaust passage of an engine and driven by exhaust, a compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the turbine, and an electric motor that assists a drive force of the compressor; and an electric motor control unit that drives the electric motor when the accessory is being driven.

Abstract: A turbocharger system includes: a high-pressure stage turbocharger including a high-pressure stage turbine disposed on an exhaust passage and driven by exhaust, and a high-pressure stage compressor disposed on an intake passage and driven by a rotational torque of the high-pressure stage turbine; and a low-pressure stage turbocharger including a low-pressure stage turbine disposed on the exhaust passage of a more downstream side than the high-pressure stage turbine and driven by exhaust, and a low-pressure stage compressor disposed on the intake passage of a more upstream side than the high-pressure stage compressor and driven by a rotational torque of the low-pressure stage turbine, wherein the high-pressure stage turbocharger includes an electric motor that assists a drive force of the high-pressure stage compressor.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for ensuring a sufficient exhaust gas recirculation (“EGR”) amount in all operating conditions, and reducing NOx emission from an engine. The system includes an EGR controller that re-circulates a part of exhaust gas discharged from the engine to an intake side. The turbocharger is a power-assisted turbocharger including an electric motor that assists a drive force of a compressor. The EGR controller controls an amount of exhaust gas recirculated to the intake side so as to inhibit the generation of NOx regardless of an amount of oxygen necessary for combustion of the engine. An electric motor control unit drives the electric motor, by the control of the EGR controller, when the amount of oxygen necessary for the combustion of the engine is deficient.

Abstract: A cylinder head structure for an internal combustion engine that is disposed on the upper surface of a cylinder body in which a plurality of cylinders are arranged in the lengthwise direction thereof, and that has an exhaust port, an intake port and a fuel injector mounting hole for each of the cylinders; a boss for bolt hole having a bolt hole for inserting a cylinder head bolt on the exhaust port side and a boss for bolt hole having a bolt hole for inserting a cylinder head bolt on the intake port side being provided between the exhaust ports and between the intake ports of the neighboring cylinders, and a partitioning wall being formed for coupling the boss for bolt hole on the exhaust port side to the boss for bolt hole on the intake port side and for sectionalizing the cooling water chamber, wherein the boss for bolt hole on the intake port side is provided with guide portions that guide the cooling water flowing into the cooling water chamber to the side of the fuel injector mounting hole from the exhau

Abstract: A cylinder head structure for an internal combustion engine that is disposed on the upper surface of a cylinder body in which a plurality of cylinders are arranged in the lengthwise direction thereof, and that has an exhaust port, an intake port and a fuel injector mounting hole for each of the cylinders; a boss for bolt hole having a bolt hole for inserting a cylinder head bolt on the exhaust port side and a boss for bolt hole having a bolt hole for inserting a cylinder head bolt on the intake port side being provided between the exhaust ports and between the intake ports of the neighboring cylinders, and a partitioning wall being formed for coupling the boss for bolt hole on the exhaust port side to the boss for bolt hole on the intake port side and for sectionalizing the cooling water chamber, wherein the boss for bolt hole on the intake port side is provided with guide portions that guide the cooling water flowing into the cooling water chamber to the side of the fuel injector mounting hole from the exhau

Abstract: A V-type DOHC engine including a crankshaft, right and left cylinder heads, three cylinders formed for each cylinder head, two intake and exhaust valves for each cylinder, first and second camshafts for the right cylinder head, third and fourth camshafts for the left cylinder head, and a power transfer mechanism for transmitting a drive power of the crankshaft to the first to fourth camshafts such that the camshafts rotate in the same direction. The power transfer mechanism has an intermediate shaft through which the drive power of the crankshaft is transmitted. A first space having dimensions sufficient to house that part of the power transfer mechanism which extends in the left cylinder head is formed at the front end of the left cylinder head and the rear end of the right cylinder head.

Abstract: A crankshaft assembly used in an internal combustion engine comprises: a crankshaft adjusted in dynamic balance in a manner such that it produces a predetermined inertia couple as it rotates; a pulley provided at one end of the crankshaft; a flywheel provided at the other end of the crankshaft; and balance adjust parts respectively formed in the pulley and flywheel for counterbalancing the inertia couple produced by the crankshaft, so that the crankshaft assembly is balanced statically and dynamically. It is possible to reduce the length of the engine by employing this crankshaft assembly without increasing the width and height of the engine.