Abstract: A vehicle brake system including: a pressurizing motor that is connected to a brake pedal and configured to increase a braking force that is generated; and a processor. The processor is configured with a program to perform operations including: operation as an information acquisition part to obtain information on whether a shift position of an automatic transmission is in a non-driving mode and information on operation on the brake pedal; and operation as a braking force controller to perform, when a predetermined retention condition is met, control of braking force so that a stationary state of a host vehicle is maintained. When the predetermined retention condition is met and the shift position is in the non-driving mode, the braking force controller is configured to perform control to increase the braking force that is generated using the pressurizing motor once the brake pedal is in a non-operated state.

Abstract: A vehicle article storage structure includes an article storage box (13) provided with an opening (33a) on the upper side forgetting articles in and out, a housing unit (15) provided on the lower side of an instrument panel (3) to house the article storage box (13), and links (35, 37, and 39) configured to movably support the article storage box (13) along a range from a housed position at which the article storage box (13) is housed in the housing unit (15) to a drawn position at which the article storage box (13) is drawn in a vehicle compartment rearward direction from the housed position via an intermediate position at which the article storage box (13) is located between the housed position and the drawn position, the intermediate position being located below the housed position and the drawn position.

Abstract: A vehicle article storage structure includes an article storage box (13) provided with an opening (33a) on the upper side forgetting articles in and out, a housing unit (15) provided on the lower side of an instrument panel (3) to house the article storage box (13), and links (35, 37, and 39) configured to movably support the article storage box (13) along a range from a housed position at which the article storage box (13) is housed in the housing unit (15) to a drawn position at which the article storage box (13) is drawn in a vehicle compartment rearward direction from the housed position via an intermediate position at which the article storage box (13) is located between the housed position and the drawn position, the intermediate position being located below the housed position and the drawn position.

Abstract: Provided is a 3-acyloxymethyl-3-butenal acetal compound of General Formula (10): wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and X1 is an acyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (1), the method including the step of coupling a nucleophilic reagent of General Formula (8): wherein M is a cationic moiety, with an acetal compound of General Formula (9): wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is a leaving group, to obtain the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound.

Abstract: A method for producing 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal of Formula (2) is provided and includes a step of hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound of General Formula (1): wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are each analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms to obtain the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a (1S,2R)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (S,R)-(2), wherein R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a bold wedged bond represents the absolute configuration, and a (1R,2S)-(2-acetoxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (R,S)-(3), wherein R1 is as defined above, a hashed wedged bond represents the absolute configuration, and Ac represents an acetyl group, the process comprising: subjecting a (1RS,2SR)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (RS,SR)-(2), wherein R1 is as defined above, and a hashed unwedged bond represents a relative configuration, to a kinetic resolution reaction with a lipase in the presence of vinyl acetate to obtain the (1S,2R)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound ((S,R)-(2)

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (6), wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising esterifying a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl compound of the following general formula (5), wherein X represents a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, to form the 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound (6).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of the following general formula (2): wherein R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the process comprising: subjecting a compound of the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and the wavy bond represents an E-configuration, a Z-configuration, or a mixture thereof, to a Dieckmann condensation in the presence of base to form the compound (2).

Abstract: A vibration wave motor includes an annular oscillator, and an annular moving member provided so as to be in press contact with the oscillator. The oscillator includes an annular vibrating plate, and an annular piezoelectric element provided on a first surface of the vibrating plate. The vibrating plate is in contact with the moving member via a second surface of the vibrating plate, which is opposite the first surface. The piezoelectric element has a plurality of drive phase electrodes. When a driving region represents a region of the oscillator in which the drive phase electrodes are provided, and a non-driving region represents a remaining region of the oscillator, a contact area ratio S1 between the vibrating plate and the moving member in the non-driving region is less than a contact area ratio S2 between the vibrating plate and the moving member in the driving region.

Abstract: There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (1), the method including the step of coupling a nucleophilic reagent expressed as a 3-methyl-3-butenyl M of General Formula (8): wherein M is a cationic moiety, with an acetal compound of General Formula (9): wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is a leaving group, to obtain the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a (1S,2R)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (S,R)-(2), wherein R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a bold wedged bond represents the absolute configuration, and a (1R,2S)-(2-acetoxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (R,S)-(3), wherein R1 is as defined above, a hashed wedged bond represents the absolute configuration, and Ac represents an acetyl group, the process comprising: subjecting a (1RS,2SR)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (RS,SR)-(2), wherein R1 is as defined above, and a hashed unwedged bond represents a relative configuration, to a kinetic resolution reaction with a lipase in the presence of vinyl acetate to obtain the (1S,2R)-(2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)methyl carboxylate compound ((S,R)-(2)

Abstract: There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4), the method including the steps of: hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound (1) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2); reducing the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3); and esterifying the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3) to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for preparing an ?-necrodyl compound of the following general formula (3): wherein R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting a 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentene compound of the following general formula (1): wherein R2 is as defined above, and X represents a leaving group, to a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a methylating agent of the following general formula (2): wherein M represents Li, MgZ1, ZnZ1, Cu, CuZ1, or CuLiZ1, and Z1 represents a halogen atom or a methyl group, to form the ?-necrodyl compound (3). The present invention further provides processes for preparing ?-necrodyl compounds of the following general formula (4): wherein R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting the ?-necrodyl compound (3) thus obtained to a positional isomerization reaction at the double bond to form the ?-necrodyl compound (4).

Abstract: A vibration wave motor includes a driven body, a vibrator including an annular vibration plate and an annular piezoelectric element, and a vibration damping member, which are arranged in sequence, wherein the vibration plate has, on a side facing the driven body, radially extending groove portions at X places, and, when center depths of the groove portions at X places are sequentially denoted by D1 to DX in a circumferential direction, D1 to DX vary along a curve obtained by superposing one or more sine waves, and wherein the vibration plate is locally supported by the vibration damping member in some or all antinode portions of a standing wave occurring when the vibration wave motor is driven.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of the following general formula (2): wherein R1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the process comprising: subjecting a compound of the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and the wavy bond represents an E-configuration, a Z-configuration, or a mixture thereof, to a Dieckmann condensation in the presence of base to form the compound (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for preparing an ?-necrodyl compound of the following general formula (3): wherein R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting a 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-3-cyclopentene compound of the following general formula (1): wherein R2 is as defined above, and X represents a leaving group, to a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a methylating agent of the following general formula (2): wherein M represents Li, MgZ1, ZnZ1, Cu, CuZ1, or CuLiZ1, and Z1 represents a halogen atom or a methyl group, to form the ?-necrodyl compound (3). The present invention further provides processes for preparing ?-necrodyl compounds of the following general formula (4): wherein R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting the ?-necrodyl compound (3) thus obtained to a positional isomerization reaction at the double bond to form the ?-necrodyl compound (4).

Abstract: A piezoelectric material which is low in load on the environment, and also satisfies both the requirements of a high piezoelectric constant and a high mechanical quality factor. The piezoelectric material comprises a plurality of crystal grains containing Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr, Mn, and O. An average equivalent circle diameter of the crystal grains is not smaller than 1.0 ?m and not larger than 10 ?m. The crystal grains include crystal grains A each having a first domain with a width of not smaller than 300 nm and not larger than 800 nm, and crystal grains B each having a second domain with a width of not smaller than 20 nm and not larger than 50 nm.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (6), wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising esterifying a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl compound of the following general formula (5), wherein X represents a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, to form the 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound (6).

Abstract: A piezoelectric material includes a metal oxide containing at least Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr, and Mn, in which the piezoelectric material has a perovskite structure, in which: x, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Ca to A (mol) representing a total content of Ba and Ca, falls within a range of 0.10?x?0.18; y, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Zr to B (mol) representing a total content of Ti, Zr, and Mn, falls within a range of 0.055?y?0.085; and z, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Mn to the B (mol), falls within a range of 0.003?z?0.012, and in which the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 0?(|d31(?20u)?d31(?20d)|)/|d31(?20u)|?0.08, and has a value of 130 pm/V or more for each of |d31(?20u)| and |d31(?20d)|.