Abstract: A memory system includes a non-volatile memory and a controller. The controller controls writing of data to the non-volatile memory or reading of data from the non-volatile memory, in response to a command from at least one host. The controller performs command fetching by calculating for each of a plurality of queues, a remaining processing amount, which is an amount of processing remaining for one or more commands previously fetched therefrom, selecting a queue based on the remaining processing amounts calculated for the plurality of queues, and fetching a new command from the selected queue.

Abstract: A memory system, which is connectable to a host, includes a non-volatile memory and a controller configured to store data in the non-volatile memory and in a memory region within the host and read the data from the memory region within the host. The controller includes a first encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a first encoding scheme, a second encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a second encoding scheme having a higher error correcting capability than an error correcting capability of the first encoding scheme, an encoding scheme selecting circuit configured to select an encoding/decoding circuit from the first encoding/decoding circuit and the second encoding/decoding circuit to perform encoding of data to be stored in the memory region, based on information about the data read from the memory region.

Abstract: A method may include publishing metadata to a blockchain, the metadata describing a training task associated with a global machine-learning model and computational resource requirements for performing the training task. The method may include receiving a request to participate in training the global machine-learning model from one or more clients based on a relevance of a respective local dataset of each of the clients to the training task and a suitability of the clients to the computational resource requirements for performing the training task. The method may include obtaining local model updates in which each respective local model corresponds to a respective client and each respective local model update is generated based on training the global machine-learning model with each of the local datasets. The method may include aggregating the plurality of local model updates and generating an updated global machine-learning model based on the aggregated local model update.

Abstract: A method may include publishing metadata to a blockchain, the metadata describing a training task associated with a global machine-learning model and computational resource requirements for performing the training task. The method may include receiving a request to participate in training the global machine-learning model from one or more clients based on a relevance of a respective local dataset of each of the clients to the training task and a suitability of the clients to the computational resource requirements for performing the training task. The method may include obtaining local model updates in which each respective local model corresponds to a respective client and each respective local model update is generated based on training the global machine-learning model with each of the local datasets. The method may include aggregating the plurality of local model updates and generating an updated global machine-learning model based on the aggregated local model update.

Abstract: A memory system includes a non-volatile memory and a controller. The controller controls writing of data to the non-volatile memory or reading of data from the non-volatile memory, in response to a command from at least one host. The controller performs command fetching by calculating for each of a plurality of queues, a remaining processing amount, which is an amount of processing remaining for one or more commands previously fetched therefrom, selecting a queue based on the remaining processing amounts calculated for the plurality of queues, and fetching a new command from the selected queue.

Abstract: An apparatus serves as a node device included in a distributed data sharing network, and shares, by using a blockchain, a piece of event information related to an event generated in a terminal, among node devices included in the distributed data sharing network, where the blockchain is a continuously growing list of blocks which are linked and secured using cryptography. The apparatus generates a piece of event data including the piece of event information related to the event, and causes the generated piece of event data to be stored in one of the node devices included in the distributed data sharing network.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a signal from a first line, a signal processing circuit configured to perform descrambling processing on the received signal, detect a control signal from the descrambled signal, generate a signal in which an idle signal in accordance with a difference amount between a communication capacity of a second line as a transmission destination and a communication capacity of the first line is inserted in a position where the control signal is detected, and perform scrambling processing on the generated signal, and a transmitter configured to output the scrambled signal to the second line.

Abstract: A memory system, which is connectable to a host, includes a non-volatile memory and a controller configured to store data in the non-volatile memory and in a memory region within the host and read the data from the memory region within the host. The controller includes a first encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a first encoding scheme, a second encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a second encoding scheme having a higher error correcting capability than an error correcting capability of the first encoding scheme, an encoding scheme selecting circuit configured to select an encoding/decoding circuit from the first encoding/decoding circuit and the second encoding/decoding circuit to perform encoding of data to be stored in the memory region, based on information about the data read from the memory region.

Abstract: A memory system, which is connectable to a host, includes a non-volatile memory and a controller configured to store data in the non-volatile memory and in a memory region within the host and read the data from the memory region within the host. The controller includes a first encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a first encoding scheme, a second encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a second encoding scheme having a higher error correcting capability than an error correcting capability of the first encoding scheme, an encoding scheme selecting circuit configured to select an encoding/decoding circuit from the first encoding/decoding circuit and the second encoding/decoding circuit to perform encoding of data to be stored in the memory region, based on information about the data read from the memory region.

Abstract: An edge server disposed on an edge of a cloud network, includes: a processor, wherein when encryption key information relating to a terminal which requests a connection to the edge server and the encryption key information generated before the request, is included in shared information shared between a cloud server and another edge server in the cloud network, the processor is configured to start encryption communication with the terminal using the encryption key information of the shared information.

Abstract: Provided is an interchangeable lens including: a lens position detection unit configured to detect a position of a lens; a motor configured to move a movable lens frame to which the lens is fixed; a driving state detection unit configured to detect a driving state of the motor; and a control unit configured to decide a driving speed of the motor based on a difference between a target speed, which is based on a difference between a target position of the lens acquired from an imaging device and the position of the lens detected by the lens position detection unit, and a speed according to the driving state detected by the driving state detection unit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system is connectable to a host device including a first memory. The memory system includes a memory controller and a second memory in which data from a host device is stored. The memory controller includes a third memory, a first unit and a second unit and has a first space. The first unit designates a first address in the first space. The second unit converts, by using a conversion table, the first address into a second address in a first area of the first memory. The conversion table includes a plurality of layers and includes a first conversion table of a top layer and a second conversion table of a layer lower than the first conversion table. The first conversion table is stored in the third memory. The second conversion table is stored in a second area of the first memory.

Abstract: There is provided a network management device including a memory in which a change rate of a transmission quality of a first optical signal to be transmitted on a first path with respect to a power of the first optical signal is stored, and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to determine, based on the change rate, whether to set a second path on which a second optical signal transmits to overlap with at least a portion of a route of the first path.

Abstract: A memory system, which is connectable to a host, includes a non-volatile memory and a controller configured to store data in the non-volatile memory and in a memory region within the host and read the data from the memory region within the host. The controller includes a first encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a first encoding scheme, a second encoding/decoding circuit configured to execute encoding/decoding with a second encoding scheme having a higher error correcting capability than an error correcting capability of the first encoding scheme, an encoding scheme selecting circuit configured to select an encoding/decoding circuit from the first encoding/decoding circuit and the second encoding/decoding circuit to perform encoding of data to be stored in the memory region, based on information about the data read from the memory region.

Abstract: An optical transmission characteristic measurement method includes starting transmission of an optical signal from a transmitting node to a receiving node; receiving a bit error rate value measured by the receiving node and relates to the optical signal; determining whether the bit error rate value is higher than a given threshold; adjusting input power of the optical signal to lower until it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold when it is determined that the bit error rate value is not higher than the given threshold; estimating an optical signal to noise ratio from the bit error rate value when it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold; and calculating an optical signal to noise ratio based on the estimated optical signal to noise ratio and an amount of lowering of the input power.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus configured to estimate optical transmission performance in a transmission path of an optical signal, the apparatus including a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to acquire a first index related to a first transmission performance of an optical signal transmitted through a span group between a first node and an n-th node and a second index related to a second transmission performance of an optical signal transmitted through a span or a span group between the first node and an m-th node, wherein n is an integer of 3 or more, and m is the integer satisfying m<n, and estimate a third index related to a third transmission performance of an optical signal to be transmitted through a span between the m-th node and the n-th node, based on the first index and the second index.

Abstract: A storage device includes a command storage area in which a command is written, a command issuance notification area in which a notification that a command has been issued is written, a nonvolatile storage device configured to store data, and a controller configured to control an access to the nonvolatile storage device in response to the command from a host. Upon detecting that a first command is written in the command storage area, the controller executes a first step required for execution of the first command before a notification that the first command has been issued is written in the command issuance notification area.

Abstract: An optical transmission characteristic measurement method includes starting transmission of an optical signal from a transmitting node to a receiving node; receiving a bit error rate value measured by the receiving node and relates to the optical signal; determining whether the bit error rate value is higher than a given threshold; adjusting input power of the optical signal to lower until it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold when it is determined that the bit error rate value is not higher than the given threshold; estimating an optical signal to noise ratio from the bit error rate value when it is determined that the bit error rate value is higher than the given threshold; and calculating an optical signal to noise ratio based on the estimated optical signal to noise ratio and an amount of lowering of the input power.

Abstract: A frame generating apparatus accommodating a client signal in an optical data transfer unit frame with a higher bit rate than the client signal includes a deserializer, a plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits, and a serializer. The deserializer deserializes the client signal into parallel signals, the number of parallel signals corresponding to the number of tributary slots used in the optical data transfer unit frame. The plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits inserts data and stuff into a frame accommodating portion of the optical data transfer unit frame based on a difference in the bit rate between the client signal and the optical data transfer unit frame. The serializer serializes the parallel signals output from the plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits.

Abstract: A frame generating apparatus accommodating a client signal in an optical data transfer unit frame with a higher bit rate than the client signal includes a deserializer, a plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits, and a serializer. The deserializer deserializes the client signal into parallel signals, the number of parallel signals corresponding to the number of tributary slots used in the optical data transfer unit frame. The plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits inserts data and stuff into a frame accommodating portion of the optical data transfer unit frame based on a difference in the bit rate between the client signal and the optical data transfer unit frame. The serializer serializes the parallel signals output from the plurality of generic mapping procedure circuits.