Abstract: A polymer, includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1), a second structural unit represented by formula (2-1), formula (2-2), or both, and a third structural unit represented by formula (3-1), formula (3-2), or both. The polymer preferably has a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 500 or more and 400,000 or less. A composition includes the polymer and an organic solvent. A molded body includes the polymer.

Abstract: To provide a circuit board that has excellent smoothness and capable of reducing a transmission loss of a high-frequency electrical signal. The circuit board according to the present invention includes a wiring portion and a non-wiring portion, the wiring portion having a metal layer and a resin layer, the non-wiring portion having a resin layer, the resin layer at a frequency 10 GHz having a relative permittivity of from 2 to 3 at 23° C., and the circuit board satisfying a relationship: (A?B)/B?0.1 wherein A is the maximum value of the thickness in the wiring portion (?m) and B is the minimum value of the thickness in the non-wiring portion (?m).

Abstract: Provided is a high-frequency circuit laminate that can reduce the transmission loss of electrical signals in high-frequency circuits and produce circuit boards with excellent smoothness. The high-frequency circuit laminate according to the present invention includes a metal layer and a resin layer which are laminated in contact with each other, the resin layer having an elastic modulus from 0.1 to 3 GPa, and the resin layer having an dielectric loss tangent from 0.001 to 0.01 and a relative permittivity from 2 to 3 at a frequency of 10 GHz at 23° C.

Abstract: A polymer, includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1), a second structural unit represented by formula (2-1), formula (2-2), or both, and a third structural unit represented by formula (3-1), formula (3-2), or both. The polymer preferably has a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 500 or more and 400,000 or less. A composition includes the polymer and an organic solvent. A molded body includes the polymer.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A novel polymer having high glass transition temperature and an excellent balance between heat resistance, high refractive index and mechanical properties, and a composition and molded article containing the polymer are provided. The polymer according to the invention has a first structural unit represented by at least one of formulae (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) below and a second structural unit having either a secondary amino structure or a tertiary amino structure at two or more terminals.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: The polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1), a second structural unit represented by formula (2), and a third structural unit represented by formula (3). R1, R2, R10 and R11 each independently represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; R3A, R3B R4A and R4B each independently represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; ZA to ZD each independently represent —O— or —S—; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (3-1) or (3-2), wherein Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first structural unit represented by formula (1-1), (1-2) or (1-3) and a second structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3). In the formulae (1-1) to (1-3), (2) and (3), R1, R10 and R11 each represent a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a nitro group or a cyano group; Zs each represent —O— or —S—; R4s each represent a methylene group or an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and L represents a divalent group represented by formula (2-1). In the formula (2-1), Ra represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms or a divalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Abstract: An aromatic copolymer comprises a hydrophilic segment (A) and a hydrophobic segment (B), wherein the hydrophilic segment (A) comprises a structural unit (1) having a proton conductive group, and the hydrophobic segment (B) comprises at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (2) and a structural unit (3), wherein the structural unit (2) is a divalent structural unit having an aromatic ring and no proton conductive groups and having two bonding sites at the para-position of one ring included in the aromatic ring, and the structural unit (3) is a divalent structural unit having a benzene ring and is a structural unit different from the structural unit (2), the hydrophobic segment (B) in its entirety contained in the aromatic copolymer including both the structural unit (2) and the structural unit (3).

Abstract: A polyarylene block copolymer can provide a solid polymer electrolyte and proton conductive membrane having high proton conductivity, high dimensional stability, and high mechanical strength. The polyarylene block copolymer also has reduced swelling in hot water and reduced shrinkage in drying. The polyarylene block copolymer includes a polymer segment having a sulfonic acid group, and a polymer segment having substantially no sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: A polyarylene block copolymer can provide a solid polymer electrolyte and proton conductive membrane having high proton conductivity, high dimensional stability, and high mechanical strength. The polyarylene block copolymer also has reduced swelling in hot water and reduced shrinkage in drying. The polyarylene block copolymer includes a polymer segment having a sulfonic acid group, and a polymer segment having substantially no sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells, which uses a polymer electrolyte containing a polyarylene copolymer containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring having a substituent represented by —SO3H, —(O(CH2)hSO3H or —O(CF2)hSO3H (wherein h represents an integer of 1-12). By having such a constitution, the electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells can be produced at a low cost, while being excellent in proton conductivity, dimensional stability, hydrothermal resistance and mechanical strength. In addition, this electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells enables to recover a catalyst metal.

Abstract: Provided is a solid polymer electrolyte having increased heat resistance and high proton conductivity and a proton conductive membrane composed of the electrolyte. Also provided is a copolymer having a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: A polyarylene copolymer having a sulfonic acid group which has high proton conductivity and reduced swelling in hot water and reduced shrinkage in drying; a solid polymer electrolyte and a proton conductive membrane comprising the copolymer; and a membrane-electrode assembly using these. The polyarylene block copolymer comprises a polymer segment (A) having a sulfonic acid group, and a polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group, the polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group comprising a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells, which uses a polymer electrolyte containing a polyarylene copolymer containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring having a substituent represented by —SO3H, —(O(CH2)hSO3H or —O(CF2)hSO3H (wherein h represents an integer of 1-12). By having such a constitution, the electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells can be produced at a low cost, while being excellent in proton conductivity, dimensional stability, hydrothermal resistance and mechanical strength. In addition, this electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells enables to recover a catalyst metal.

Abstract: Provided is a solid polymer electrolyte having increased heat resistance and high proton conductivity and a proton conductive membrane composed of the electrolyte. Also provided is a copolymer having a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer electrolyte having a protonic acid group that is excellent in thermal stability and dimensional stability. The polymer electrolyte includes copolymers having a sulfonic acid group which has a structure represented by the following formula: wherein X is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; Y is an oxygen or a sulfur; Z and Q are each a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO2—, —[C(R?)2]g— (g: integer of from 1 to 8), etc.; R, R? and R1 to R16 are each a hydrogen, a fluorine, an alkyl, a fluorine-substituted alkyl, an aryl or a nitrile; m, n, p, q, r, s, t and u are each an integer of from 0 to 4 (with the proviso that p+q?1); and A is a group represented by Formula (5a) or (5b) below: wherein W is a divalent electron-withdrawing group; S is a protonic acid group; i is an integer of from 1 to 5; and j is an integer of from 1 to 7.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aromatic sulfonic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (1); in the formula, X is an atom or a group selected from a halogen atom excluding fluorine, —OSO3CH3 and —OSO3CF3, A is a divalent electron attractive group, B is a divalent electron donating group or a direct bonding, Ra is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Ar is an aromatic group having a substituent of —SO3Rb (wherein Rb is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms), m is an integer of 0 to 10, n is an integer of 0 to 10 and k is an integer of 1 to 4. Also disclosed is a process for producing a polyarylene having a sulfonic acid group, which process comprises the steps of coupling polymerization of an aromatic compound containing the derivative of the formula (1), to prepare a polyarylene and hydrolysis of the polyarylene, and which process has high safety and is easily capable of controlling the amount of sulfonoc acid group introduced into a polymer and the introducing position thereof.