Abstract: To provide a decoder capable of efficiently dealing with various Z, even when in-block parallel degree is fixed in MP decoding of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes. A reception value aligning device keeps the first S or less reception value data from the block head. If block size Z is not a multiple of S, (S?(Z mod S)) data of the block head are added to the end of the reception value data of the block so that the block size Z is a multiple of S. The block size is written into reception value memory. A message aligning device performs cyclic permutation. If Z is not a multiple of S, the first (S?(Z mod S)) messages from the block output head are added to the end of the output message of the block so that the Z is a multiple of S and is outputted to the message memory.

Abstract: A parallel decoder, which is simpler and more flexible than conventional devices, is provided in decoding device for a LDPC code. The present invention includes a plurality of memory units for storing a received value and a message generated during a Message-Passing decoding, a plurality of variable node function units, a plurality of check node function units, a plurality of address generation units for generating an address of each of memory units, and a plurality of shuffle network units for determining a connection between variable node function units and check node function units. An address generation unit generates an address on the basis of a plurality of permutations. Each shuffle network unit is connected to some of the variable node function units. This connection is determined on the basis of a plurality of permutations. A change of the permutations in the address generation units and a change of the permutations in the shuffle network units are performed in the same cycle in a decoding process.

Abstract: In an error correction code decoding apparatus, utilized in the decoding of turbo codes, plural number of backward processing modules 100, 110 and 120 are provided. In one backward processing module, received data and a priori information are periodically read in the reverse order from memories 140 and 150 to calculate backward values. The other backward processing modules are supplied with received data and the a priori information, output from the preset other backward processing module to calculate backward values. The backward processing module reading in from the memories is cyclically changed. A forward processing and soft-output generating module 130 generates a soft-output by exploiting the backward values calculated by the backward processing module which lies directly ahead of the backward processing module reading in the data from the memories.

Abstract: A parallel decoder, which is simpler and more flexible than conventional devices, is provided in decoding device for a LDPC code. The present invention includes a plurality of memory units for storing a received value and a message generated during a Message-Passing decoding, a plurality of variable node function units, a plurality of check node function units, a plurality of address generation units for generating an address of each of memory units, and a plurality of shuffle network units for determining a connection between variable node function units and check node function units. An address generation unit generates an address on the basis of a plurality of permutations. Each shuffle network unit is connected to some of the variable node function units. This connection is determined on the basis of a plurality of permutations. A change of the permutations in the address generation units and a change of the permutations in the shuffle network units are performed in the same cycle in a decoding process.

Abstract: In an error correction code decoding apparatus, utilized in the decoding of turbo codes, plural number of backward processing modules 100, 110 and 120 are provided. In one backward processing module, received data and a priori information are periodically read in the reverse order from memories 140 and 150 to calculate backward values. The other backward processing modules are supplied with received data and the a priori information, output from the preset other backward processing module to calculate backward values. The backward processing module reading in from the memories is cyclically changed. A forward processing and soft-output generating module 130 generates a soft-output by exploiting the backward values calculated by the backward processing module which lies directly ahead of the backward processing module reading in the data from the memories.

Abstract: In a case where a soft input and soft output decoding method is applied to a decode processing carrying out repeated decode processing, preparing a plurality of kinds of block that is a unit of decode processing, setting the size of blocks that are initially processed for every kind of the repeated decode processing at different values of size.

Abstract: Pattern encoding is carried out by 1) substituting an index data of a registered pattern for a position data in a library with respect to an index data peculiar to each of the extracted patterns, 2) taking a difference between an off-set position data of the extracted pattern and an off-set position data of the registered pattern whereby an off-set position difference data is provided, and 3) encoding the position data and the off-set position difference data and providing an encoded data. A pattern extracting unit obtains the extracted patterns from image data. An accumulating/checking unit accumulates the extracted patterns as accumulated patterns, assigns indexes specific to the accumulated patterns, and checks each extracted pattern by comparison with the accumulated patterns. When an accumulated pattern is found to match the extracted pattern, the accumulating/checking unit provides a position data within a library instead of the index data, and also provides the off-set position difference data.

Abstract: A data compression system includes a data array storage device, a coding device, a retrieving and recording device and a recording controller. The data array storage device stores both the input data to be compressed and the input data coded by the coding device. The recording controller determines the character strings recorded by the retrieving and recording device by discriminating between character strings on the basis of the length of the matched character strings beginning from an intermediate character of the matched character strings. The coding device then codes the matched character strings using the length and position of the recorded character strings.

Abstract: This invention presents diamond coated tool member of high toughness exhibiting excellent diamond adhesion to the substrate. The green compacts of the usual Co and WC composition are subjected to primary sintering in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by secondary sintering in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere at a pressure in the range of 10-200 atmospheres at a temperature between the liquid formation temperature of Co and 1,500.degree. C. The as-sintered surfaces are subjected to chemical etching, followed by fine polishing in an ultrasonic bath held at room temperature or a temperature just below the boiling point. The cutting tool substrate having the polished surface is placed in a CVD reactor to deposit a diamond coating. The concentration profile of Co in the diamond coated tool member hus formed has a Co-deficient layer and a Co-gradient layer.

Abstract: This invention presents diamond coated tool member of high toughness exhibiting excellent diamond adhesion to the substrate. The green compacts of the usual Co and WC composition are subjected to primary sintering in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by secondary sintering in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere at a pressure in the range of 10-200 atmospheres at a temperature between the liquid formation temperature of Co and 1,500.degree. C. The as-sintered surfaces are subjected to chemical etching, followed by fine polishing in an ultrasonic bath held at room temperature or a temperature just below the boiling point. The cutting tool substrate having the polished surface is placed in a CVD reactor to deposit a diamond coating. The concentration profile of Co in the diamond coated tool member hus formed has a Co-deficient layer and a Co-gradient layer.

Abstract: A tool member includes a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate and a diamond coating deposited on the substrate. The substrate has two diffraction peaks K.alpha..sub.1 and K.alpha..sub.2 indexed by index of pane (211) for tungsten carbide in X-ray diffraction. The peaks satisfy the relationship of 1.sub.1 /1.sub.2 .ltoreq.35, where 1.sub.1 and 1.sub.2 are heights of the peaks K.alpha..sub.1 and K.alpha..sub.2 measured from a base of a trough between the two diffraction peaks. For manufacturing the tool member, a green compact is first sintered to provide a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate. Subsequently the substrate is ground and subsequently heat-treated at a temperature between 1000.degree. C. and 1600.degree. C. in a vacuum or in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Thereafter, a diamond coating is formed on the substrate by vapor-deposition method.

Abstract: An electric rotating machine can be constructed by mass production techniques, can sustain large axial loads, and can be formed out of a portion of the chassis of a portable electronic device. The electric rotating machine, which can be a duplex micromotor, comprises a base plate, at least one rotor assembly each including a rotor shaft, a rotor magnet disposed on the shaft and having radial pole faces, a pair of bearings supporting opposite ends of the shaft, and a worm, spur gear, or other such element situated on the shaft. A field yoke is favorably formed as a box-like structure of magnetic material with a field magnet therein having pole faces facing radially towards the rotor magnet. The field yoke has an open side mating with the base plate. Upstanding ears are formed on the base plate to seat the rotor bearings when the latter are inserted therein in an assembly direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotor shaft.

Abstract: In a DC brushless motor including a rotor assembly having permanent magnets and a stator assembly having coils arranged in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets of the rotor assembly, with the energization of the coils being controlled so as to impart a rotational torque to the rotor assembly; the permanent magnets of the rotor assembly are flat and are attached to a rotor yoke, which can be constructed as an octagonal prism, to provide a path for the magnetic flux emanating from the magnets and to support the flat magnets so that the latter form substantially a regular polygon in cross section. The magnets can be arranged with their poles in a north-south-north-south sequence against flat side walls of the rotor yoke to provide a flux density pattern that is substantially sinusoidal.