Abstract: A film forming method includes forming a film on a substrate, in which the film includes first regions, second regions, and third regions, the first regions, the second regions, and the third regions being defined by a refractive index and a region size and being present in a mixed manner in a cross section parallel to a thickness direction, the first regions and the second regions have a refractive index at least 0.4 higher than the third regions, the second regions are formed of high-refractive-index particles having an average particle size of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, the first regions are formed of the high-refractive-index particles that have been aggregated, the first regions having an equivalent circular diameter of 250 nm or more, and the third regions have an equivalent circular diameter of more than 100 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a recorded material in which a recording liquid is satisfactorily fixed to a recording medium and which has a sufficient chroma and a sufficient lightness, in high-speed printing. The recorded material comprises a recording medium, a toner particle including colorant particles, and a cured resin including the toner particle and fixing a toner image formed of the toner particle onto the recording medium, wherein an average circularity of the toner particle is not less than 0.70 and not more than 0.99, the toner particle is not exposed from a surface of the cured resin, and an average distance between wall surfaces of the adjacent toner particles is not less than 10 nm and less than 125 nm.

Abstract: A film forming method includes forming a film on a substrate, in which the film includes first regions, second regions, and third regions, the first regions, the second regions, and the third regions being defined by a refractive index and a region size and being present in a mixed manner in a cross section parallel to a thickness direction, the first regions and the second regions have a refractive index at least 0.4 higher than the third regions, the second regions are formed of high-refractive-index particles having an average particle size of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, the first regions are formed of the high-refractive-index particles that have been aggregated, the first regions having an equivalent circular diameter of 250 nm or more, and the third regions have an equivalent circular diameter of more than 100 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a recorded material in which a recording liquid is satisfactorily fixed to a recording medium and which has a sufficient chroma and a sufficient lightness, in high-speed printing. The recorded material comprises a recording medium, a toner particle including colorant particles, and a cured resin including the toner particle and fixing a toner image formed of the toner particle onto the recording medium, wherein an average circularity of the toner particle is not less than 0.70 and not more than 0.99, the toner particle is not exposed from a surface of the cured resin, and an average distance between wall surfaces of the adjacent toner particles is not less than 10 nm and less than 125 nm.

Abstract: A developer bearing member includes a base body, a surface layer, and a plurality of concave portions provided on the surface layer, wherein a resistance value of the surface layer is 102 ?·cm to 108 ?·cm, the number of the concave portions per unit area is 2250/mm2 to 12254/mm2, a major diameter of an opening of the concave portion is 8 ?m to 20 ?m, a depth of the concave portion is 2 ?m to 5 ?m, a dimensional tolerance of the major diameter is 0.5 ?m or less, and a dimensional tolerance of the depth is 0.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: A developer bearing member includes a base body, a surface layer, and a plurality of concave portions provided on the surface layer, wherein a resistance value of the surface layer is 102 ?·cm to 108 ?·cm, the number of the concave portions per unit area is 2250/mm2 to 12254/mm2, a major diameter of an opening of the concave portion is 8 ?m to 20 ?m, a depth of the concave portion is 2 ?m to 5 ?m, a dimensional tolerance of the major diameter is 0.5 ?m or less, and a dimensional tolerance of the depth is 0.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: Whether a field is an output field or input/output field is judged from an acquired field attribute. If the field attribute is an input/output field, the field character string of an output field which exists closest to the input/output field is selected as the control name candidate of the field. If the field attribute is an output field, the field character string of the field is selected as the control name candidate of the field. In this way, names related to the field can be assigned as control names on a GUI screen.

Abstract: After a flexible printed circuit is left under an atmosphere of a water vapor pressure of not lower than 30 mmHg so as to absorb moisture, a voltage is applied between two wiring portions to thereby measure an insulation resistance value between the wiring portions during the voltage application. The quantity &Dgr;log(R) of the change of the insulation resistance value at regular intervals is obtained. An examination is made as to whether the maximum of the quantity &Dgr;log(R) of the change of the insulation resistance value is not larger than a predetermined reference value or not. From this examination, a judgment is made as to whether the flexible printed circuit is good or not.

Abstract: There is provided a stainless steel sheet material, used for a semiconductor manufacturing device, to which it difficult for fine dust to be attached and from the surface of which the attaching dust can be easily washed away. Also, there is provided a method of manufacturing the stainless steel sheet material. A stainless steel sheet material characterized in that: the number of pinholes, the area of each pinhole exceeding 0.25 mm2, in the area of 10 cm2 on the surface of a skinpass-rolled stainless steel sheet material is not more than 10; and the average surface roughness Ra on the center line in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is not more than 0.15 &mgr;m. A method of manufacturing a stainless steel sheet material comprising the steps of: annealing a stainless steel cold-rolled sheet in a heat-treatment furnace having no support rollers in a temperature region exceeding 600° C.

Abstract: A flexible wiring board including a gold pad having dynamic Vickers hardness of not less than 50 or having a ratio of amount of nickel in a surface of the gold pad (atomic weight %) to thickness of gold (&mgr;m) of not more than 5 or having both the dynamic Vickers hardness of not less than 50 and the ratio of amount of nickel in the surface of the gold pad (atomic weight %) to thickness of gold (&mgr;m) of not more than 5, to provide a flexible wiring board that can substantially ensure the connection reliability when the board is connected with a semiconductor device by wiring bonding.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rigid circuit member obtained by bending a composite laminate comprising a circuit conductor made of a metal foil interposed between plastic films having an elastic modulus of not less than 450 kg/mm2 with an adhesive, characterized in that as said plastic film there is used a polyethylene naphthalate film. The present invention also provides a circuit board adapted to be connected to a conductor on a rigid substrate, characterized in that said circuit conductor is interposed between polyethylene naphthalate films. The present invention further provides a printed circuit board, comprising a polyethylene naphthalate film having an elastic modulus of not less than 500 kg/mm2, not more than 1.5×10−5/° C., a hygroscopic expansion coefficient of not more than 1.2×10−5/%RH, a water vapor permeability of not more than 15 g/m2/mil day, a percent water absorption of not more than 2% and a melting point of not higher than 280° C.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit comprising a plastic film and a conducting layer, wherein the plastic film exhibits a heat shrinkage rate ellipse having an eccentricity of not more than 0.7 and preferably exhibits an ultrasonic wave propagation rate ellipse having an eccentricity of not more than 0.4 and a polarized microwave transmission intensity ellipse having an eccentricity of not more than 0.55. The flexible printed circuit has improved dimensional accuracy owing to the dimensional stability of the plastic film.

Abstract: A raw material plastic film like a band stretched in two directions with a machine direction as a longitudinal direction of stretch and a transverse direction as a lateral direction of stretch is prepared. One standard line parallel with the machine direction of stretch is assumed on a film face of the raw material plastic film. An area due to cut a cover layer plastic film and an area due to cut a base layer plastic film (the two areas are of almost the same shape) are assumed to be on the standard line in a state in which the areas are aligned in orientation. However, both an arbitrary point of the area due to cut and the point of the area due to cut corresponding thereto need to be on the standard line. A cover layer plastic film and a base layer plastic film are cut out from the two areas due to cut. Metal electric circuit is formed on a surface of the base layer plastic film via an adhesive layer. The metal electric circuit has a plastic deformation component of 0.

Abstract: A composite sheet comprises a first resin film; and a second resin film laminated on the first resin film; wherein two ellipses of coefficient of linear expansion are created on polar coordinates in corresponding parts of the first and second resin films by a predetermined method and the two ellipse are overlapped so as to match in the center point and coordinate axes X and Y, and the maximum value of a linear expansion coefficient difference between the two resin films is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A reinforcement for a flexible printed circuit board, which can sufficiently prevent the flexible printed circuit board thus reinforced from being warped when heated during the assembly process of electronic components or other procedures. The reinforcement according to the present invention is used to adhere to a flexible printed circuit board 1. The reinforcement according to the present invention comprises an internal material 21 having a bending neutral surface at the center of the thickness thereof, and an external material 22 having the same Young's modulus as that of an insulating substrate 11 of the flexible printed circuit board 1, bonded to one side of the internal material 21. The other side of the internal material 21 acts as an adhesive surface to the flexible printed circuit board 1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display plastic cell structure free of deviation in position of electrode patterns comprising:a cell substrate comprising a polarizing plate and an electrode pattern provided on the surface of the polarizing plate, said polarizing plate being produced by laminating a monoaxially stretched film on both surfaces of a polarizer in such a manner that the absorption axis of the polarizer is in parallel with the stretching axis of the monoaxially oriented films:a cell substrate comprising a polarizing plate and an electrode pattern provided on the surface of the polarizing plate, said polarizing plate being produced by laminating a monoaxially stretched film on both surfaces of a polarizer in such a manner that the absorption axis of the polarizer is at right angles to the stretching axis of the monoaxially stretched films; anda liquid crystal sealed between the cell substrates, wherein the stretching axes of the monoaxially stretched films are in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A polarizing plate is disclosed, comprising a polarizing film and a protective layer bonded through an adhesive layer to at least one surface of the polarizing film, wherein the protective layer is a polyester film in which the minimum or maximum refractive index in a direction in parallel with the plane of the film is nearly equal to that in the direction of the film thickness and the retardation is at least 10 .mu.m. On this polarizing plate, colored interference fringes are not formed at all even if it is looked at from any direction. Thus, the polarizing plate is suitable for use in the circumstance that it is exposed to the air, or in a display wherein a liquid crystal is used.

Abstract: A product with a compound membrane which comprises a molded substrate, a metal membrane having an average thickness equal to or less than the maximum surface roughness of the molded substrate on the molded substrate and a dielectric membrane having a thickness of 100 .ANG. or more on the metal membrane.