Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory system including at least one nonvolatile memory each having a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells and a buffer memory; and a control device coupled to the nonvolatile memory. The control device is enabled to receive external data and to apply the data to the nonvolatile memory, and the nonvolatile memory is enabled to operate a program operation including storing the received data to the buffer memory and storing the data held in the buffer memory to ones of nonvolatile memory cells. Moreover, the control device is enabled to receive external data while the nonvolatile memory is operating in the program operation. Also, the buffer memory is capable of receiving a unit of data, equal to the data length of data to be stored at one time of the program operation, the data length being more than 1 byte.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit makes use of nonvolatile memory cells of a fuse circuit connected to a dedicated signal line without using a nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, which is connected to a common bus, in order to store control information for defect relief and the like of circuit modules. The reliability of storage of the control information is not limited to the performance of storage of information in the nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, and the reliability of storage of the control information can be easily enhanced. Since a second wiring used in the transfer of the control information is of a wiring dedicated for its transfer, it needs not perform switching between connections to circuit portions used for actual operations in the circuit modules and their control. A circuit configuration for delivering the control information can be simplified.

Abstract: Wirings connected to a gate electrode of a slave switch circuit cell for substrate bias circuits are respectively electrically connected to a wiring for a power supply potential and a wiring for a reference potential. Thus, the switch operation of the slave switch circuit cell is made invalid. Wirings connected to n wells of respective circuit cells are electrically connected to a wiring for the power supply potential, and wirings connected to p wells of the respective circuit cells are electrically connected to the wiring. Thus, the n wells are fixed to the power supply potential, and the p wells are fixed to the reference potential.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit makes use of nonvolatile memory cells of a fuse circuit connected to a dedicated signal line without using a nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, which is connected to a common bus, in order to store control information for defect relief and the like of circuit modules. The reliability of storage of the control information is not limited to the performance of storage of information in the nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, and the reliability of storage of the control information can be easily enhanced. Since a second wiring used in the transfer of the control information is of a wiring dedicated for its transfer, it needs not perform switching between connections to circuit portions used for actual operations in the circuit modules and their control. A circuit configuration for delivering the control information can be simplified.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory system including at least one nonvolatile memory each having a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells and a buffer memory; and a control device coupled to the nonvolatile memory. The control device is enabled to receive external data and to apply the data to the nonvolatile memory, and the nonvolatile memory is enabled to operate a program operation including storing the received data to the buffer memory and storing the data held in the buffer memory to ones of nonvolatile memory cells. Moreover, the control device is enabled to receive external data while the nonvolatile memory is operating in the program operation. Also, the buffer memory is capable of receiving a unit of data, equal to the data length of data to be stored at one time of the program operation, the data length being more than 1 byte.

Abstract: There are provided an inexpensive polarizing beam splitter having a polarized light beam separating function of a wide range with a simple film construction and a reduced number of laminated film layers, and a polarizer provided with the polarizing beam splitter to arrange natural light into a specific polarized state.

Abstract: A dynamic RAM includes sense amplifiers each formed of a latch circuit consisting of MOSFETs of a first and second conductivity types with the application of a first and second voltages to the sources thereof, respectively, and having a pair of input/output nodes corresponding to a first bit line pair which is connected with a number of dynamic memory cells, and further includes pairs of switching MOSFETs of the first conductivity type which connect selectively an input/output node pair of the latch circuits to a pair of second bit lines provided commonly to a plurality of the first bit line pair in response to the reception of the select signal. The switching MOSFETs have their threshold voltage set smaller in terms of absolute value than the threshold voltage of the MOSFETs of the first conductivity type of the latch circuits, and the select signal has its level of turning off the switching MOSFETs set greater in terms of absolute value than the first voltage with respect to the second voltage.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit makes use of nonvolatile memory cells of a fuse circuit connected to a dedicated signal line without using a nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, which is connected to a common bus, in order to store control information for defect relief and the like of circuit modules. The reliability of storage of the control information is not limited to the performance of storage of information in the nonvolatile memory intended for general purpose use, and the reliability of storage of the control information can be easily enhanced. Since a second wiring used in the transfer of the control information is of a wiring dedicated for its transfer, it needs not perform switching between connections to circuit portions used for actual operations in the circuit modules and their control. A circuit configuration for delivering the control information can be simplified.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory system including at least one nonvolatile memory each having a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells and a buffer memory; and a control device coupled to the nonvolatile memory. The control device is enabled to receive external data and to apply the data to the nonvolatile memory, and the nonvolatile memory is enabled to operate a program operation including storing the received data to the buffer memory and storing the data held in the buffer memory to ones of nonvolatile memory cells. Moreover, the control device is enabled to receive external data while the nonvolatile memory is operating in the program operation. Also, the buffer memory is capable of receiving a unit of data, equal to the data length of data to be stored at one time of the program operation, the data length being more than 1 byte.

Abstract: A fatty acid ester prepared by treating botanical seeds or fruits with a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms under pressure at a temperature of at least 180° C., preferably under supercritical conditions.

Abstract: A method for preparing a fatty acid ester with suppressing the discharge of unreacted reactants and/or intermediate products, which comprises reacting fats and oils with a monohydric alcohol in a reactor under conditions where the monohydric alcohol is in a supercritical state, wherein a reaction mixture containing unreacted reactants and/or intermediate products is recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory system including at least one nonvolatile memory each having a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells and a buffer memory; and a control device coupled to the nonvolatile memory. The control device is enabled to receive external data and to apply the data to the nonvolatile memory, and the nonvolatile memory is enabled to operate a program operation including storing the received data to the buffer memory and storing the data held in the buffer memory to ones of nonvolatile memory cells. Moreover, the control device is enabled to receive external data while the nonvolatile memory is operating in the program operation. Also, the buffer memory is capable of receiving a unit of data, equal to the data length of data to be stored at one time of the program operation, the data length being more than 1 byte.

Abstract: A fiber-optic polarizer made by a process comprised of providing a substrate, coupling or embedding an optical single mode fiber to the substrate, making a narrow trench across the fiber at an angle, thereby bifurcating the fiber core into a first fiber core end and a second fiber core end, inserting and securing a thin polarizing material of a monolithic, non-laminated structure into the narrow trench, such that a light spot size emitted from a first fiber core is completely encompassed by the polarizing material, and the light spot size emerging from the polarizing material is substantially collected within the mode field diameter of a second fiber core. The narrow trench having a width of about 30-50 &mgr;m, and the polarizing material having a thickness of about 15-50 &mgr;m. The polarizing material having a monolithic composition.

Abstract: A fiber-optic polarizer made by a process comprised of providing a substrate, coupling or embedding an optical single mode fiber to the substrate, making a narrow trench across the fiber at an angle, thereby bifurcating the fiber core into a first fiber core end and a second fiber core end, inserting and securing a thin polarizing material of a monolithic, non-laminated structure into the narrow trench, such that a light spot size emitted from a first fiber core is completely encompassed by the polarizing material, and the light spot size emerging from the polarizing material is substantially collected within the mode field diameter of a second fiber core. The narrow trench having a width of about 30-50 &mgr;m, and the polarizing material having a thickness of about 15-50 &mgr;m. The polarizing material having a monolithic composition.

Abstract: A dynamic RAM includes sense amplifiers each formed of a latch circuit consisting of MOSFETs of a first and second conductivity types with the application of a first and second voltages to the sources thereof, respectively, and having a pair of input/output nodes corresponding to a first bit line pair which is connected with a number of dynamic memory cells, and further includes pairs of switching MOSFETs of the first conductivity type which connect selectively an input/output node pair of the latch circuits to a pair of second bit lines provided commonly to a plurality of the first bit line pair in response to the reception of the select signal. The switching MOSFETs have their threshold voltage set smaller in terms of absolute value than the threshold voltage of the MOSFETs of the first conductivity type of the latch circuits, and the select signal has its level of turning off the switching MOSFETs set greater in terms of absolute value than the first voltage with respect to the second voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory system including at least one nonvolatile memory each having a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells and a buffer memory; and a control device coupled to the nonvolatile memory. The control device is enabled to receive external data and to store the data in the nonvolatile memory, and the nonvolatile memory is capable of performing at least a program operation and an erase operation. Moreover, the control device is enabled to receive external data while the nonvolatile memory is operating in the erase operation. Also, the buffer memory is capable of receiving a unit of data, in the program operation, equal to the data length of data to be stored at one time of the program operation, the data length being more than 1 byte.

Abstract: A dynamic RAM includes sense amplifiers each formed of a latch circuit consisting of MOSFETs of a first and second conductivity types with the application of a first and second voltages to the sources thereof, respectively, and having a pair of input/output nodes corresponding to a first bit line pair which is connected with a number of dynamic memory cells, and further includes pairs of switching MOSFETs of the first conductivity type which connect selectively an input/output node pair of the latch circuits to a pair of second bit lines provided commonly to a plurality of the first bit line pair in response to the reception of the select signal. The switching MOSFETs have their threshold voltage set smaller in terms of absolute value than the threshold voltage of the MOSFETs of the first conductivity type of the latch circuits, and the select signal has its level of turning off the switching MOSFETs set greater in terms of absolute value than the first voltage with respect to the second voltage.

Abstract: A fatty acid ester prepared by treating botanical seeds or fruits with a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms under pressure at a temperature of at least 180° C., preferably under supercritical conditions.

Abstract: Each memory cell of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, essentially, consists of a one-transistor type memory cell such as a MOSFET having a floating gate electrode. When an electric programming operation is carried out, a positive voltage is applied to an n type drain region, a negative voltage is applied to a control gate and a source region is grounded. When an erasing operation is carried out, the positive voltage is applied to the control gate while all the other electrodes and a semiconductor substrate are grounded. Low power consumption can be accomplished because both of the programming operation and erasing operations are carried out by utilizing a tunneling mechanism. Furthermore, because th negative voltage applied to the word line, a drain voltage at the time of programming of data can be lowered, so that degradation of a gate oxide film at a channel portion can be mitigated.

Abstract: Each memory cell of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, essentially, consists of a one-transistor type memory cell such as a MOSFET having a floating gate electrode. When an electric programming operation is carried out, a positive voltage is applied to an n type drain region, a negative voltage is applied to a control gate and a source region is grounded. When an erasing operation is carried out, the positive voltage is applied to the control gate while all the other electrodes and a semiconductor substrate are grounded. Low power consumption can be accomplished because both of the programming operation and erasing operations are carried out by utilizing a tunneling mechanism. Furthermore, because the negative voltage applied to the word line, a drain voltage at the time of programming of data can be lowered, so that degradation of a gate oxide film at a channel portion can be mitigated.