Abstract: A method of metal layer formation which can satisfactorily eliminate the problems caused by plating solution infiltration and is sufficiently effective in reducing the permittivity of an insulating layer; and a metal foil-based layered product obtainable by the method. The method is for forming a metal layer on a surface of a porous resin layer and includes: a step in which a porous resin layer having a dense layer as a surface part thereof is used as the porous resin layer and a thin metal film is formed on the surface of the dense layer by a dry process; and a step in which a metal film is formed on the surface of the thin metal film by plating.

Abstract: A spiral wound type membrane element is formed by covering a spiral membrane component prepared by winding a plurality of independent or continuous envelope-like membranes around the outer peripheral surface of a water collection pipe through raw water spacers with a separation membrane and further covering the same with an outer peripheral passage forming material. In filtration, raw water introduced from a raw water inlet of a spiral wound type membrane module permeates through the separation membrane from at least the outer peripheral side of the spiral wound type membrane element and infiltrates into the clearances between the envelope-like membranes along the raw water spacers. Part of the supplied raw water axially flows along the outer peripheral portion of the spiral wound type membrane element and is thereafter discharged from a raw water outlet of the spiral wound type membrane module, to be returned to a raw liquid tank again.

Abstract: An active carbon cartridge is provided in the preceding stage to a fresh water generating cartridge. A water feed valve is connected to a raw water inlet of the active carbon cartridge. A bypass pipe is connected to bypass the water feed valve and the active carbon cartridge, and a bypass valve is inserted in the bypass pipe. A flushing valve is provided on the fresh water generating cartridge. A timer controls opening and closing of the bypass valve and the flushing valve. The bypass valve as well as the flushing valve are periodically opened during interruption of fresh water generation work with the fresh water generating cartridge or during fresh water generation work, or opened simultaneously with interruption of fresh water generation work or when restarting fresh water generation work.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a multilayer wiring board comprising the step of impregnating a raw material composition of a thermosetting resin in a porous laminated product including two or more porous layers and a wiring layer provided between the porous layers and formed on any of the porous layers and of half curing or curing them. Moreover, the present invention provides a multilayer wiring board having such a lamination structure that two or more porous layers and a wiring layer provided between the porous layers and formed on any of the porous layers are integrated through an impregnated and cured thermosetting resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a metal foil laminated product including the steps of forming a bonding layer containing a thermosetting resin on a lower wiring layer, a metal layer or an insulating layer, provisionally bonding a porous layer having a releasing film attached thereto onto a surface of the bonding layer, peeling the releasing film from the porous layer, laminating a metal foil on the porous layer obtained after the peeling, and heating and pressurizing the laminated product to transfer the bonding layer to the metal foil and thereby integrating them. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a wiring board comprising the steps of manufacturing a metal foil laminated product by the above manufacturing methods, and providing a pattern on the metal foil of the metal foil laminated product, thereby forming a wiring layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a metal foil laminated plate comprising the step of forming and attaching a resin porous layer onto a metal foil by a wet coagulating method, wherein a metal foil including a conductive bump having an almost equal height on a film forming side surface is used. The present invention provides a metal foil laminated plate comprising a metal foil including a conductive bump having an almost equal height and a resin porous layer laminated integrally, the conductive bump being exposed. The present invention provides another metal foil laminated plate comprising a metal foil including a conductive bump having an almost equal height, a resin porous layer laminated integrally, and a thermosetting resin impregnated in a hole of the resin porous layer, in which the conductive bump is exposed from the resin porous layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a wiring board, including the steps of forming a through hole on a prepreg having a releasing resin film on at least one of its surfaces, the prepreg being obtained by impregnating a porous film having a thickness of 5 to 90 &mgr;m and a porosity of 30 to 98% with a half cured thermosetting resin, filling the through hole with a conductive paste containing a conductive filler, peeling the resin film, laminating a metal foil on a surface from which the resin film is peeled, and heating and pressurizing the laminated product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a wiring board, including the steps of preparing a composite sheet having an adherent sheet containing a thermosetting resin adhered to a porous film or impregnated with at least a part thereof, laminating at least the composite sheet on a wiring layer having a wiring pattern formed on an insulating layer, and heating and pressurizing the laminated product thus obtained or heating and pressurizing it after the pressurization to integrate the laminated product. The present invention provides a composite sheet for manufacturing a wiring board which is laminated on a wiring layer having a wiring pattern formed on an insulating layer and is thus used, wherein an adherent sheet containing a thermosetting resin is adhered to a porous film or at least a part thereof is impregnated therein.

Abstract: A wiring board prepreg manufacturing method of the present invention includes the step of depositing and adhering a porous layer made of aromatic polyamide or polyimide onto a heat resistant base material sheet according to a wet gelation process, and the step of impregnating at least one portion of a raw material composition of thermoset resin with insides of pores of the porous layer adhered to the heat resistant base material sheet. Moreover, it is preferable that the step of impregnating the base material composition of the thermoset resin includes the step of applying a raw material liquid of the thermoset resin containing a solvent to a surface of a base material, the step of removing the solvent from the applied raw material liquid so as to obtain a solid coating film, and the step of while heating the solid coating film, laminating and pressurizing the film together with the base material onto the porous layer so as to impregnate at least one portion of the solid coating film.

Abstract: This invention is related to a method for recovery of aqueous wash in a phosphate chemical conversion of a shaped metal product involving carrying out chemical conversion and subsequent cleaning with water, wherein said cleaning with water is performed in one or more stages and comprises a step of withdrawing aqueous wash from a first cleaning stage and adjusting the pH of the wash with at least one acid selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrosilicofluoric acid and fluoroboric acid, a step of treating said pH-adjusted aqueous wash with a first reverse osmosis membrane to separate it into a first filtrate and a first concentrate, and a step of neutralizing said first filtrate with an alkali and treating the alkali-neutralized filtrate with a second reverse osmosis membrane to separate it into a second filtrate and a second concentrate, said first concentrate being recycled for said phosphate chemical conversion, said second filtrate being recycled as a

Abstract: A wash water pipe having a flushing valve inserted therein is connected with a concentrated water outlet pipe connected to a concentrated water outlet of a fresh water generating cartridge. A timer controls opening and closing of the flushing valve. The flushing valve is periodically opened during interruption of fresh water generation work with the fresh water generating cartridge or during fresh water generation work, or opened simultaneously with interruption of fresh water generation work or when restarting fresh water generation work, for performing flushing. Thus, the linear velocity on the surface of a reverse osmosis membrane of the fresh water generating cartridge is increased and impurities remaining on the membrane surface are discharged from the fresh water generating cartridge.

Abstract: A television system performs beam convergence in video displays. The system is implemented through one or more convergence sensors, which are exposed to two distinct convergence test patterns. The output signals from the sensors when exposed to the two convergence test patterns are used in beam convergence calculations. The convergence test patterns are selected to reduce the dynamic range requirement for an A/D converter in the television system supplied with the sensor output signals.

Abstract: A television system performs beam convergence in video displays. The system is implemented through one or more convergence sensors, which are exposed to two distinct convergence test patterns. The output signals from the sensors when exposed to the two test patterns are used in beam convergence calculations. The test patterns are selected to reduce the dynamic range requirement for an A/D converter in the television system supplied with the sensor output signals. A low-pass filter circuit with selectable characteristics is also used to reduce the dynamic range requirement.

Abstract: This invention is related to a method for recovery of aqueous wash in a phosphate chemical conversion of a shaped metal product involving carrying out chemical conversion and subsequent cleaning with water,

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a video display blanking signal so as to maintain a full display screen while minimizing interference with the displayed picture. To control the blanking signal one or more photosensors are placed at the periphery of the display screen. When a CRT overscans the screen at a sensor's location, the light from the CRT is incident on the sensor and the sensor generates a signal proportional to the amount of incident light. The sensor signal is used to adjust the CRT scan such that the CRT scan covers the screen but does not degrade the displayed picture.

Abstract: A television system performs beam convergence in video displays. The system is implemented through one or more convergence sensors, which are exposed to two distinct convergence test patterns. The output signals from the sensors when exposed to the two test patterns are used in beam convergence calculations. The test patterns are selected to reduce the dynamic range requirement for an A/D converter in the television system supplied with the sensor output signals.

Abstract: A system and method for performing convergence calibration, wherein the test patterns generated during the convergence procedure illuminate only one convergence sensor at a time. Since only one sensor is illuminated at a time, there is no need to switch among sensors in order to obtain sensor readings, and the sensors can share an A/D converter without such switching. Therefore, in a convergence apparatus according to the invention two or more sensor couplings are simply coupled to a shared coupling which is, in turn, coupled to the input of a shared A/D converter. Thus, no switching circuitry is required, it is not necessary to perform a sensor/sensor coupling association routine, and there is no need for a convergence subsystem memory.

Abstract: A system for performing beam convergence in video displays. The system is implemented through one or more convergence sensors, which are exposed to two distinct convergence test patterns. The first test pattern partially overlaps with one or more of the sensors to define a first covered area for each overlapped sensor, the portion of each sensor that is not overlapped defining a first uncovered area. The second test pattern overlaps the entirety of the first uncovered area for each sensor, the portion of each sensor that is not overlapped, therefore being the first covered area for each sensor. The output of the sensors when exposed to the first test pattern and the output of the sensors when exposed to the second test pattern are used to perform beam convergence calculations. The test patterns are selected in such a manner as to reduce the dynamic range requirement for the sensor output A/D converter(s).

Abstract: Apparatus and method for performing convergence calibration in a system that uses multiple beams to generate a video display on a screen. A photosensor is exposed to first and second distinct convergence test patterns which have illuminated areas that cover approximately first and second halves of the photosensor, respectively. For each beam, first and second output signals are generated by the photosensor when the first and second test patterns are generated, respectively, and alignment is determined on the basis of the output signals. The test patterns are selected in such a manner as to reduce the dynamic range requirement for the A/D converter(s) that digitize photosensor output signals. Optionally, measurement resolution is enhanced by varying test pattern density in accordance with the A/D converter input signal level so as to maintain a generally constant A/D converter input level.

Abstract: The invention provides an external sensor that is employed by the user of a video display when performing convergence calibrations at various points within the display's viewable area. The external sensor is placed on the screen by the user while a convergence procedure is undertaken by the video display. Readings taken by the sensor during the procedure are relayed to the display's convergence algorithm(s) by means of a suitable coupling, thereby allowing for convergence calculations about the user selected point. When convergence about the point has been achieved, the user may move the sensor to a new point on the screen to initiate convergence procedures about the new point, or remove the sensor from the screen to facilitate viewing.