Abstract: The composite fine particle includes an inorganic fine particle having a light wavelength conversion ability, a continuous or discontinuous first coating layer formed on the whole or a part of a surface of the inorganic fine particle, a second coating layer formed on the first coating layer, and a third coating layer formed on the second coating layer, in which the second coating layer contains a multidentate organic ligand that is an organic compound having light absorption in a near-infrared or infrared range and has at least two or more coordination sites, and the first coating layer is a metal layer or an inorganic compound layer containing a coordination metal and a transition metal identical to or different from the coordination metal, and the third coating layer is a metal layer or an inorganic compound layer containing a coordination metal.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer that are laminated in this order. The first layer is formed of a plurality of particles including an inorganic semiconductor as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including an inorganic semiconductor as a main component. The second layer is provided on a surface of each of the particles or the aggregate and is formed of a plurality of particles including a perovskite structure as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including a perovskite structure as a main component. The third layer is formed of a plurality of particles including an organic metal complex as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including an organic metal complex as a main component.

Abstract: This thin film is a thin film for detecting circularly polarized light, and includes a plurality of inorganic layers constituting a layered structure and/or a plurality of inorganic chains constituting a chain structure, which are formed of a perovskite type substance, and chiral molecules incorporated in at least a part of a boundary part between the adjacent inorganic layers and/or between the inorganic chains, wherein the chiral molecules include only one of S-form chiral molecules and R-form chiral molecules or chiral molecules with a higher abundance proportion of one of S-form chiral molecules and R-form chiral molecules than an abundance proportion of the other of S-form chiral molecules and R-form chiral molecules, and wherein the crystal structure of the perovskite type substance is oriented in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A core-shell particle which includes a core-shell structure includes an inorganic nanoparticle having a light wavelength conversion ability and a coating layer formed on a surface of the inorganic nanoparticle and formed of an inorganic perovskite type substance.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer that are laminated in this order. The first layer is formed of a plurality of particles including an inorganic semiconductor as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including an inorganic semiconductor as a main component. The second layer is provided on a surface of each of the particles or the aggregate and is formed of a plurality of particles including a perovskite structure as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including a perovskite structure as a main component. The third layer is formed of a plurality of particles including an organic metal complex as a main component, an aggregate of the particles, or a thin film including an organic metal complex as a main component.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device of the present invention has high energy conversion efficiency, even if the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution is significantly reduced. The dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device has a porous photoelectrode layer comprising dye-sensitized semiconductor particles, an electrolyte solution layer, and a counter electrode layer in order. The electrolyte solution layer comprises an electrolyte solution containing 0.05 to 5 M of an aliphatic quarternary ammonium ion, 0.05 to 5 M of an imidazolium ion, and 0.1 to 10 M of iodide ion. The ions are dissolved in an organic solvent. Consequently, the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution can be reduced significantly.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device of the present invention has high energy conversion efficiency, even if the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution is significantly reduced. The dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device has a porous photoelectrode layer comprising dye-sensitized semiconductor particles, an electrolyte solution layer, and a counter electrode layer in order. The electrolyte solution layer comprises an electrolyte solution containing 0.05 to 5 M of an aliphatic quarternary ammonium ion, 0.05 to 5 M of an imidazolium ion, and 0.1 to 10 M of iodide ion. The ions are dissolved in an organic solvent. Consequently, the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution can be reduced significantly.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device of the present invention has high energy conversion efficiency, even if the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution is significantly reduced. The dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device has a porous photoelectrode layer comprising dye-sensitized semiconductor particles, an electrolyte solution layer, and a counter electrode layer in order. The electrolyte solution layer comprises an electrolyte solution containing 0.05 to 5 M of an aliphatic quarternary ammonium ion, 0.05 to 5 M of an imidazolium ion, and 0.1 to 10 M of iodide ion. The ions are dissolved in an organic solvent. Consequently, the amount of iodine added into the electrolyte solution can be reduced significantly.

Abstract: There is provided a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element comprising a porous photoelectrode layer which comprises dye-sensitized porous semiconductor particles, a charge transport layer and an opposite electrode layer in this order, the charge transport layer comprising a solid mixture comprising 0.1 to 50 wt % of carbon material and 50 to 99.9 wt % of ionic liquid based on the total weight thereof, the charge transport layer comprising at most 1 wt % of iodine and at most 0.9 wt % of p-type conductive polymer or comprising neither iodine nor the p-type conductive polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a viscous dispersion comprising crystalline semiconductor nanoparticles, which is useful for formation of a porous semiconductor membrane of high purity at a low temperature. The viscous dispersion comprises crystalline semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in a dispersion medium, wherein the dispersion medium is a mixture comprising 53 to 92 wt % of a hydrophilic organic medium and 8 to 47 wt % of water, said hydrophilic organic medium comprising an alcohol having 3 to 5 carbon atoms as a main component, wherein the dispersion medium essentially does not contain an organic binder, an amount of said organic binder being less than 2 wt % of the medium, and wherein the dispersion comprises 8 to 40 wt % of the dispersed crystalline semiconductor nanoparticles based on the total amount of the dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photochargeable layered capacitor comprising a layered capacitor unit and a photovoltaic electrode unit. The layered capacitor unit comprises an outer counter-electrode layer, an outer storage material layer, a separator impregnated with an ionic electrolyte, an inner storage material layer and an inner counter-electrode layer in this order. The photo-voltaic electrode unit comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a semiconductor layer and a charge transfer layer in this order. The charge transfer layer of the photovoltaic electrode unit is in junction with an outer surface of the inner counter-electrode layer of the layered capacitor unit. The inner counter-electrode layer comprises a single metal sheet.

Abstract: An operation management system includes a sensor section for detecting behavior of a vehicle, a recorder section for recording the behavior detected by the sensor section on a memory card, and a behavior analyzer for setting a condition pattern for determining the behavior of vehicle as dangerous behavior. The recorder section compares a condition pattern for recognizing the behavior of a vehicle as dangerous behavior with the behavior actually detected by the sensor section, and records only information relating to behavior compatible with the condition pattern on the memory card by dangerous behavior, and statistically analyzes it using the behavior analyzer.

Abstract: In a counter electrode 3 of a dye sensitizing solar cell 1 wherein an electrolyte 4 is filled in a space between a photoelectrode 2 and the counter electrode 3, a corrosion-resistant metallic material film 10 is formed on a counter substrate 8 so as to have a large number of recesses 13 which are formed in a surface thereof and which are arranged in intervals so that the surface of the corrosion-resistant metallic material film 10 has a waveform cross-section, and a conductive catalytic material film 11 is formed on the surface of the corrosion-resistant metallic material film 10 so as to extend along the surface of the corrosion-resistant metallic material film 10.

Abstract: A non-aqueous lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode layer contains positive electrode active material of the following formula: LixNi1−yCoy−zMzO2−aXb wherein M is Mg, Ca, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ag, Ta, W, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb; X is a halogen atom; 0.2<x≦1.2, 0<y≦0.5, z<y, 0<z<0.5, 0≦a≦1.0 and 0≦b≦2a; and at least one of positive and negative electrode layers contains rubber binder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium ion nonaqueous secondary battery having a high discharge capacity and excellent high rate characteristics. A novel negative electrode material for a lithium ion nonaqueous secondary battery is disclosed, comprising a composite metal oxide containing an amorphous structure synthesized by a sol-gel method.

Abstract: An electric automobile which is equipped with an electric power drive composed of a main electric power drive source of a lithium ion secondary battery which contains a positive electrode active material of lithium manganese oxide having spinel structure and/or a negative electrode active material of a complex metal oxide which accepts intercalation of a lithium ion, an auxiliary electric power source, a temperature-controlling means, and a regenerative braking device, shows a good balance in the relationship between driving performance and safety and cost.

Abstract: A non-aqueous lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. In the battery, the positive electrode is composed of an positive electrode active material of the formula: Li.sub.x Ni.sub.1-y M.sub.y O.sub.2-z X.sub.a in which M is at least one element such as Mg, Ca, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Ge, Pb and at least one transition metal element; X is a halogen atom; x, y, z and a are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.2<x.ltoreq.1.2, 0<y.ltoreq.0.5, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.2z, and the negative electrode is composed of amorphous metal complex oxide or a combination of crystalline and/or amorphous metal complex oxide and carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material, and a lithium salt is disclosed, in which the negative electrode active material contains (1) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium comprising an atom of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, (2) an amorphous compound containing at least two atoms selected from the elements of the groups IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table, (3) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium containing at least one of the atoms of the group IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table and fluorine, or (4) a compound of the metal of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, Zn, or Mg which is capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium. The nonaqueous secondary battery of the invention exhibits improved charge and discharge characteristics and improved safety.

Abstract: In a lithium ion secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a container sealing the electrodes and electrolyte therein, the positive electrode is formed of a positive electrode active material which is produced by electrochemically intercalating a lithium ion into a lithium manganese-metal complex oxide in the container to give a positive electrode active material precursor comprising a lithium manganese-metal complex oxide of which lithium ion content is increased, and then releasing a lithium ion from the positive electrode active material precursor in the container, and the negative electrode is formed of a negative electrode active material which is produced by intercalating the released lithium ion into a negative electrode active material precursor of a metal oxide in the container.

Abstract: In a lithium ion secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, non-aqueous electrolyte, and a container sealing the electrodes anrd electrolyte therein, the positive electrode is formed of a positive electrode active material which is produced by electrochemically intercalating lithium ions into lithium manganese oxide in the container to give a positive electrode active material precursor comprising lithium manganese oxide of which lithium ion contents are increased, and then releasing lithium ions from the positive electrode active material precursor in the container, and the negative electrode is formed of a negative electrode active material which is produced by intercalating the released lithium ions into a negative electrode active material precursor of a metal oxide in the container.