Abstract: The submarine optical cable has a basic structure which does not prevent rising up. Therefore, the cable is provided with at least one additional element which has a specific weight that is selected to be greater than 2.1 g/cm.sup.3 and prevents the rising up of the cable.

Abstract: Supporting elements designed as independent profiles are provided between ribbon stacks of optical waveguide ribbons of an optical cable. The supporting elements contribute to positing securing of the ribbon stacks within the opposite table.

Abstract: A plurality of light waveguides are conducted side-by-side through a coating arrangement that will surround the waveguides and supply them with a coating material for enclosing the light waveguides to form a ribbon conductor. The light waveguides are guided freely running both proceeding as in the coating arrangement so that they essentially come into contact only with the coating material. A drag flow or entrained flow of the liquid coating material contributes to a self-centering of the light waveguides and is produced by the longitudinal motion of the light waveguides in the coating material of the arrangement.

Abstract: A light waveguide is guided in the longitudinal direction over a defined length together with a filling compound, which are to be introduced into an outer envelope. The velocity of the light waveguide is subsequently decelerated to a lower value due to the reduction of velocity of the filling compound as it enters into the tubular envelope and, thus, the change in velocity converts the excess length of the waveguide into a non-straightline course or a serpentine configuration within the filling compound in the envelope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an optical cable includes an extruder for extruding a sheath on each light waveguide to form an independent light waveguide lead, a cooling device immediately following the extruder for cooling the light waveguide lead, which is then stranded to form a lead bundle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stranding with changing lay directions (SZ-stranding) utilizes an elongated cylindrical member which is driven with changing rotational sense on which the conductors are wrapped and supplied to a stranding disk at one end. The cylindrical member serves the purpose of stranding and is held under an axial tensile stress at its ends during the stranding process. The cylindrical member is also twisted to provide a torsional stress.

Abstract: An optical cable comprising a central element surrounded by a layer containing a plurality of inwardly opening chambers, with each chamber receiving a stack of bands, which bands contain a plurality of waveguides. Preferably, each of the chambers is formed by a sub-element which has a U-shape in cross section and the sub-elements are formed on the cable core in a stranded manner, either by being stranded individually thereon or by being extruded individually thereon.

Abstract: The optical waveguide (AD) has a substantially rectangular internal opening in the form of a chamber (CA) for accepting the optical fibers arranged in the form of ribbon conductors (BL1-BLn). The optical fibers (AD) (sic) has a preferred bending plane (BP), the ribbon conductors being arranged with their broad sides substantially parallel to this preferred bending plane (BP), and the ribbon conductors (BL1-BLn) being guided in an undulating fashion such that their excursion extends transverse to the preferred bending plane.

Abstract: A protective sheath for an optical transmission element is constructed of an inside layer of polycarbonate and an outside layer of a material which has a high degree of crystallization with the crystallization temperature of the outside layer preferably being below the softening temperature of the polycarbonate used for the inside layer so that the heat of crystallization release during crystallization will retard the cooling of the inside layer to produce solidification of the inside layer from the inside of the element toward the outside.

Abstract: A method for inserting cables within a pipe characterized by closing one end of the pipe with a cap having an opening or port for introducing a flow of an agent and having a plurality of closed entry channels, opening one of said entry channels and inserting a cable through said opened entry channel while applying a flow through the opening or port so that the flowing agent creates a turbulence within the pipe for engaging the surfaces of the cable inserted through the opened entry channel to carry said cable along the length of said pipe.

Abstract: In overhead line systems, communication cables can also be integrated in the electric power cables to transmit the information that is important for the operation of the system. When these communication cables consist of optical transmission elements, they must be protected from being pinched in the wire clamps when they are secured. The cross-section of the earth-wire overhead cable is designed so that a few steel wires in the stranded bond form a tension-proof and transverse-pressure resistant supporting structure, in whose clearance spaces communication cables, in particular optical transmission elements find space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a cable which has a supporting member that is provided by an extruder with helically extending grooves or chambers that proceed in changing directions for the acceptance of light waveguides characterized by synchronously rotating the cable elements proceeding an extruder for applying the supporting member and also following the insertion point for the light waveguides. The light waveguides are inserted at a position which is an even-numbered multiple of the distance between reversing points of the chambers of the supporting members from the output of the extruder so that the direction of the chambers at the extruder and at the insertion point, respectively, proceed in the same direction.

Abstract: An optical cable comprises at least one bundle composed of a plurality of light waveguides which are preferably wrapped as a layer on a cable core. A non-hardenable filling compound is provided on the inside region of the light waveguide bundle between the layer of waveguides and core and the outer surfaces of the layer of optical waveguides is coated with a hardenable compound.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical cable includes simultaneously introducing a light waveguide and filling material into a chamber of a central element with the waveguide having an excess length. Preferably, the central element is moved axially and rotated on the axis and the light waveguide and filling material are passed through a tube which is inserted in the chamber as the central element is moved relative thereto.

Abstract: An optical cable comprising a carrier member extending in a longitudinal direction and having outwardly accessible chambers receiving light waveguides, each of said chambers being separated from one another by a web characterized by a depression being formed in each of said webs to enlarge the heat-emitting surfaces and to remove undesirable accumulation of material in the region of the carrier members. The depressions preferably have a V-shaped cross section, and are smaller than the channels and are able to receive additional elements, which may include waveguides, tensile elements or electrical conductors. Each of the V-shaped depressions can also e used as a gas channel when the optical cable is to operated in a gas-pressure monitored fashion.

Abstract: A marine cable for a fiber optic waveguide with regenerator supply. A marine cable for a fiber optic waveguide must be provided with an electrical conductor for energy supply, in order to supply energy to the regenerators. For this purpose, the optical transmission elements are surrounded by a stranded layer of metal wires with good conductivity, which serve to supply energy. The stranded layer of metal wires with good conductivity is surrounded by an insulation layer, which in turn is protected by a stranded layer of sheathing wires. Both of the stranded layers of wires are embedded in a layer of a plastic, water-repellent material. The outer casing of the cable is formed by a metal composite layer sheath. The marine cable for a fiber optic waveguide with regenerator supply line, as described, can, for example, be laid down as an intercontinental cable.

Abstract: An optical cable comprising a plurality of bundle elements, each of which contains a plurality of light waveguides loosely arranged inside a deformable protective sheath. The light waveguides are combined in the form of light waveguide pairs and are fashioned as flat, ribbon-like structures, which are mobile in a radial direction relative to one another and relative to the outer sheath of the bundle element. The protective sheath is expediently composed of a rubber-elastic material, whose modulus elasticity is selected to be in a range of 50-500 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A method for identifying measured quantity proportions for the length difference between an optical element and the envelope for the optical lead when forming an optical lead, which has the envelope loosely receiving the optical element and the method includes extruding the envelope around the element and then passing the lead through at least one cooling path. The speed of the envelope is identified both proceeding as well as following the cooling path, and the desired quantities are formed by different uses of the two measured speeds.

Abstract: An optical fiber having a multiple layer coating characterized by the inside layer being composed of a material that is stretched onto the bare fiber. Preferably, the inside layer is applied by extruding a stretch cone and stretching this onto the fiber. An intermediate layer can be applied onto the inside layer, either by a pressure molding system or by a stretched cone method, and an outside layer is applied by another extruder forming a stretched cone.

Abstract: A filling compound for a light waveguide lead and/or light waveguide cable. The filling compound comprises polypropylene glycol and a second constituent chosen from the group consisting of: finely distributed fumed silica; aluminum oxide; aluminum hydroxide; a halogen containing organic compound; and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polypropylene glycol comprises 50 to 99 weight percent of the filling compound, and the second constituent comprises 1 to about 50 weight percent.