Abstract: A steel alloy is disclosed which is suitable for use in parts exposed to extreme stress and wear at high temperatures comprising the following chemical composition in percentage by weight:______________________________________ C 1.5 Si appr 0.7 Mn 2.0 Cr 21.5 Ni 5.0 Mo 0.6 W 1.25 V 2.25 ______________________________________balance iron.A tube piercing mill roller and a tube mill rolling mandrel of said steel are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for powder metallurgical production of bar stock from an iron, nickel or cobalt based alloy comprises the steps of introducing a powder of the desired alloy into a tubular container together with a reducing agent and an oxygen getter, sealing the container without evacuating it, heating the sealed container and the powder therein, compacting the heated container by progressive forging and rolling the forged blank. Equipment for forging the container includes a tool having upper and lower dies defining between them an open-ended forging cavity which tapers from an entrance end towards an exit end and through which the container is fed in step-wise manner.

Abstract: A lining element for pulp refiners is made by casting from a steel alloy containing from 1.0 to 5 percent by weight of titanium present as titanium carbide grains having an average size of 10 microns or less and being uniformly distributed throughout the lining element. The titanium carbide prevents polishing of the working faces of the lining element.

Abstract: Alloys based on iron, nickel or cobalt and containing titanium carbide are produced by melting techniques. A melt containing only one of the two elements of titanium carbide is combined with the other element and caused to solidify immediately thereafter so that the titanium carbide grains are prevented from growing or forming aggregates. The combination of carbon and titanium is brought about by adding titanium to a carbon-containing, titanium free melt or adding carbon to a titanium-containing, carbon free melt. The process may be carried out in equipment for electro-slag remelting.