Abstract: An exemplary insertion management system is configured to direct a cochlear implant to apply electrical stimulation by way of a first electrode disposed on an electrode lead that is being inserted into a cochlea of a recipient, direct the cochlear implant to record, while the electrical stimulation is being applied by way of the first electrode, a differential voltage signal representative of a differential voltage between a second electrode and a third electrode both disposed on the electrode lead, the second and third electrodes different than the first electrode, determine, while the differential voltage signal is being recorded, that a signal characteristic of the differential voltage signal changes by at least a threshold amount, and determine, based on the signal characteristic changing by at least the threshold amount, that a distal end of the electrode lead is positioned within a threshold distance of a basal turn of the cochlea.

Abstract: A reinforcement learning brain-machine interface (RL-BMI) can have a policy that governs how detected signals, emanating from a motor cortex of a subject's brain, are translated into action. The policy can be improved by detecting a motor signal having a characteristic and emanating from the motor cortex. The system can provide, to a device and based on (i) the motor signal and (ii) an instruction policy, a command signal resulting in a first action by a device. Additionally, an evaluation signal, emanating from the motor cortex in response to the first action, can also be detected. With the foregoing information, the system can adjust the policy based on the evaluation signal such that a subsequent motor signal, from the subject's brain, having the characteristic results in a second action, by the device, different from the first action, as needed.

Abstract: A reinforcement learning brain-machine interface (RL-BMI) can have a policy that governs how detected signals, emanating from a motor cortex of a subject's brain, are translated into action. The policy can be improved by detecting a motor signal having a characteristic and emanating from the motor cortex. The system can provide, to a device and based on (i) the motor signal and (ii) an instruction policy, a command signal resulting in a first action by a device. Additionally, an evaluation signal, emanating from the motor cortex in response to the first action, can also be detected. With the foregoing information, the system can adjust the policy based on the evaluation signal such that a subsequent motor signal, from the subject's brain, having the characteristic results in a second action, by the device, different from the first action, as needed.