Abstract: The application discloses a method of liquid cold welding (LCW) including: (a) engaging two or more porous conductive substrate layers between perforated non-conductive frames so that the substrate layers contact one another; (b) immersing the substrate layers in an electrolyte solution; and (c) applying electric current and/or voltage and/or electric power to the electrolyte solution. Apparatus suitable for performance of some embodiments of the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A continuous process for manufacturing electrical current collectors for primary and secondary batteries by electrochemical deposition, comprising i) providing a first roll and a second roll for winding a continuous electrically conductive substrate co-acting as a working electrode, wherein depending on polarity the working electrode can act as an anode or a cathode, wherein the substrate has first and second parallel sides, a first side whereat deposition or partial dissolution occur, and a second side acting as a counter electrode to close a circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a regenerative fuel cell capable of operating in a power delivery mode in and in an energy storage mode. The cell may comprise a reversible hydrogen gas anode, in an anode compartment, a reversible cathode in a cathode compartment, and a membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, which membrane is capable of selectively passing protons. an additive may be provided in the cathode compartment.

Abstract: There is provided a regenerative fuel cell capable of operating in a power delivery mode in and in an energy storage mode. The cell may comprise a reversible hydrogen gas anode, in an anode compartment, a reversible cathode in a cathode compartment, and a membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, which membrane is capable of selectively passing protons. an additive may be provided in the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regenerative fuel cell comprising an anionic membrane capable of selectively passing anions, wherein the pH of the anolyte and/or catholyte is at least 10. The present invention also relates to a method of operating a regenerative fuel cell comprising an anionic membrane capable of selectively passing anions, wherein the pH of the anolyte and/or catholyte is at least 10.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regenerative fuel cell comprising a reversible hydrogen gas anode, in an anode compartment and a reversible cathode in a cathode compartment, wherein the redox reaction at the cathode is selected from formula (i), formula (ii) and formula (iii).

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying electrical energy to a varying load is disclosed. The apparatus comprises fuel cells and energy storage devices. A fuel cell subset comprises one or a plurality of series-connected ones of the fuel cells, having a first no-load open-circuit potential thereacross and is connected in parallel with an energy storage device subset comprising one or a plurality of series-connected ones of the energy storage devices, having a second no-load open-circuit potential thereacross, to form a unit. The unit cell is connected in series or parallel with at least one other unit cell. The fuel cells in the unit cell and the at least one other unit cell are fuel cells of the same fuel cell stack. The arrangement is such that first no-load open-circuit potential and the second no-load open circuit potential are substantially balanced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rechargeable high temperature battery comprising a chamber defined by at least one wall formed at least in part as a solid membrane capable of passing oxide anions, and electrodes which are present on the inside and outside of the membrane that sandwich the membrane between them. The electrode on the outside of the chamber is an oxygen redox electrode, and the membrane exhibits good conductivity for the transport of oxide anions when it is at a temperature in the range of between about 500° C. and about 1000° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regenerative fuel cell comprising a reversible hydrogen gas anode, in an anode compartment and a reversible cathode in a cathode compartment, wherein the redox reaction at the cathode is selected from formula (i), formula (ii) and formula (iii).

Abstract: The present invention provides a regenerative fuel cell comprising an anionic membrane capable of selectively passing anions, wherein the pH of the anolyte and/or catholyte is at least 10. The present invention also relates to a method of operating a regenerative fuel cell comprising an anionic membrane capable of selectively passing anions, wherein the pH of the anolyte and/or catholyte is at least 10.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the condition of at least one cell of a battery, used in an electric or hybrid electric vehicle. The battery is connected to a power converter to supply electrical power to an electrical load. The method includes the steps of: controlling the power converter to vary the input impedance of the power converter to draw a varying current from the cell; sensing the voltage across the cell and the current drawn in response to varying the impedance of the power converter; calculating from the sensed voltage and current the complex impedance of the cell; and comparing the calculated complex impedance with information indicative of a correlation between (i) the complex impedance and (ii) information indicative of the condition of the cell, to give an indication of the condition of the cell. The varying current may be actively varied or passively varied.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device (20,70) includes a substrate (22), which is formed so as to define a multiplicity of micro-containers separated by electrically-insulating and ion-conducting walls (32). A first plurality of anodes (A) is disposed in a first subset (24) of the micro-containers, and a second plurality of cathodes (C) is disposed in a second subset (26) of the micro-containers. The anodes and cathodes are arranged in an interlaced pattern.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device includes a substrate having an outer surface and having a plurality of cavities communicating with the outer surface. The cavities have interior cavity surfaces. A first electrode layer is deposited at least over the interior cavity surfaces. An electrolyte separator layer is formed over the first electrode layer so as to fill the cavities and to extend over the outer surface of the planar substrate. A second electrode layer is formed over the electrolyte separator layer on the outer surface of the planar substrate.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device (20,70) includes a substrate (22), which is formed so as to define a multiplicity of micro-containers separated by electrically-insulating and ion-conducting walls (32). A first plurality of anodes (A) is disposed in a first subset (24) of the micro-containers, and a second plurality of cathodes (C) is disposed in a second subset (26) of the micro-containers. The anodes and cathodes are arranged in an interlaced pattern.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device (20) includes a microchannel plate (MCP) (22) having channels (24) formed therein, the channels having surface areas. Thin films (26) are formed over the surface areas and define an anode (34,38), a cathode (34,38), and a solid electrolyte (36) disposed between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device includes a substrate having an outer surface and having a plurality of cavities communicating with the outer surface. The cavities have interior cavity surfaces. A first electrode layer is deposited at least over the interior cavity surfaces. An electrolyte separator layer is formed over the first electrode layer so as to fill the cavities and to extend over the outer surface of the planar substrate. A second electrode layer is formed over the electrolyte separator layer on the outer surface of the planar substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a microbattery including providing a conductive substrate, forming a thin film cathodic layer on at least one surface of the conductive substrate, subsequently forming a thin film electrolyte layer over the cathodic layer and subsequently forming a thin film anodic layer over the electrolyte layer