Abstract: Variegated color and optimally textured effects are produced on substantially non-wicking surfaces by applying gel particles of at least two different colors formed from at least two alginate compositions, each containing a different color from the other and each having been mixed with a second composition containing a gelling agent to produce the particles.

Abstract: Lamellar-structured highly microporous silicate compositions are provided which can be used as insulative articles and insulation material. The silicate is in the form of lamellae selected from the group consisting of mica and vermiculite. The silicate lamellae form the microporous structure, by forming the pore walls with the lamellae. Processes are described which prepare these compositions by removing the water from flocculated or unflocculated aqueous dispersions of chemically delaminated silicates while the arrangement of the lamellae in the dispersion is largely preserved, resulting in the highly microporous lamellar structure.

Abstract: The flexibility of aminoplast wear layers is improved by the addition of a phyllosilicate. The concentration of the phyllosilicate is sufficiently low to not adversely affect other physical properties of the wear layer. The reduction or elimination of urethane improves stain resistance. The gloss level obtained for a given concentration of phyllosilicate depends on the particle size, and therefore type of phyllosilicate, as well as amount of phyllosilicate. A surface covering having areas of different gloss level can be obtained by printing areas forming the wear layer with compositions containing different types of phyllosilicates.

Abstract: Disclosed are flocced mineral materials which may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.4 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of multiamine derived cations.

Abstract: Sheets and laminated composites are described which are prepared with epoxy and flocculated vermiculite and mica dispersions. Processes and procedures are also described to obtain film and sheet materials from the flocculated silicate and epoxy dispersions.

Abstract: Synthetic fluorhectorite films impregnated with polyimide resin are stacked, press-laminated and post-cured to produce a printed wiring board substrate with thermal expansion matching ceramic components. The substrate can be cleanly drilled for through-holes and plated without the need to remove residue as with glass/epoxy boards.

Abstract: Disclosed are flocced mineral materials which may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.4 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of multi-amine derived cations.

Abstract: Sheets and laminated composites are described which are prepared with epoxy and flocculated vermiculite and mica dispersions. Processes and procedures are also described to obtain film and sheet materials from the flocculated silicate and epoxy dispersions.

Abstract: Two:One layered silicate flocs with homogeneously intermixed polymers and a method for the compositions's preparation is described. Preferred embodiment include co-flocculated homogeneously intermixed polymer and 2:1 layered silicate. The materials are prepared by contacting a co-dispersion of polymer and silicate with a cationic flocculant.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of flocced mineral materials combined with fibers and/or binders. These compositions may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.5 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of an exchange cation that is derived from guanidine or compounds closely related thereto.

Abstract: Gel particle dye liquors for imparting color to textiles are disclosed. The gel particles are prepared by mixing a first composition comprising a alginic acid or an alginic acid derivative with a second composition comprising a mixture of at least one monovalent chloride salt and at least one polyvalent metal salt.At least one of the compositions contains a dye resulting in the formation of a colored suspension of gel particles in water.

Abstract: Dye for coloring a carpet is applied to a manifold and then passed through a plurality of nozzles to a plate. The dye floods across the plate and then falls off the edge of the plate in a waterfall-like pattern to a carpet being carried below the plate. This provides for a coloring of the carpet with the dye. The improvement herein is in the recirculation of the dye in the manifold to maintain the particles in the dye in suspension, and further, to interrupt the flow of dye from the nozzles to the plate to better distribute dye particles on the plate for subsequent distribution to the carpet.

Abstract: A coloration method for textiles using chemically formed gels is disclosed. The method provides considerable freedom for making color designs and precise pattern prints, and can be used with conventional dyeing and printing equipment. In one embodiment of this invention, gelled regions are formed by separately applying a gelable composition containing alginic acid or an alginic acid derivative and a gelling agent composition to a textile material, and then over-dyeing the material, the gelled regions serving as dye resist regions.

Abstract: The back side of a tufted carpet is treated with an agent which will substantially lower the breaking strength of the yarn at points on the backstitch of the yarn. The face yarns or tufts of the carpet are unaffected by the agent. The back of the carpet is covered by a conventional latex coating to bind the carpet yarns in position to the carpet backing. A force engaging an individual tuft and pulling it from the body of the carpet will pull out individual tufts rather than unravel a strand of yarn from the carpet backing.

Abstract: A pile fabric is treated overall with a solution containing a solvent for the fiber comprising the pile fabric. The solvent concentration of the solution is of a sufficiently high level to induce shrinkage of the fiber upon subsequent application of heat. Portions of the fabric before heating are treated with a solution to dilute the solvent on the carpet to a point where it will have minimum or no effect on the fabric. The subsequently heated product then has an embossed effect.

Abstract: A carpet material is printed with a decorative pattern. The ink formulation used for printing will for some portions of the pattern contain a solvent for the fiber of the carpet. The carpet is passed through a series of printing stages all prior to the time the carpet is steamed. After all printing is done, the carpet is steamed once. This causes the fibers which have been printed with a solvent to shrink and/or dissolve to produce an embossed effect. The other printed areas will have the dye in the ink set in the carpet. The carpet is then washed and dried. There is produced a carpet having an embossed pattern effect with a natural fibrous appearance in the embossed areas.