Abstract: A pump for conveying a cryogenic fluid from a tank into a container which is under a higher pressure. The pump includes a cylinder having a piston which defines a low-temperature chamber and a high-temperature chamber in the cylinder such that during a first stroke movement of the piston, the volume of the low-temperature chamber decreases and the volume of the high-temperature chamber increases correspondingly, and during a second stroke movement of the piston which runs in the opposite direction of the first stroke movement, the volume of the high-temperature chamber decreases and the volume of the low-temperature chamber increases correspondingly.

Abstract: In order to improve a process for increasing the torque of an internal combustion engine burning a fuel by means of an oxidizing agent and comprising at least one cylinder and an induction system, in which the mass flow of the gaseous oxidizing agent into the cylinder or cylinders is increased, as well as an internal combustion engine such that the torque of the internal combustion engine is increased at any rotational speed to a greater extent than with known passive pressure-charging processes, it is suggested to make a charging mixture consisting of a charging fuel and the oxidizing agent available in the induction system and to ignite this cyclically in the induction system at such points of time that due to the expansion during the rapid combustion of the charging mixture an increase in pressure occurs at the intake port of at least one cylinder during its intake phase.

Abstract: In order to improve a process for the electrolysis of a fluid electrolyte containing cations and anions in an electrolytic cell with a cathode and an anode located opposite the cathode such that primary energy not present in an electrical form, in particular thermal energy from reservoirs having a moderately high temperature, can be used for the electrolysis with lower losses, it is suggested that a current path between the cathode and the anode be closed, that a magnetic field be applied to the electrolytic cell and that a relative movement between the magnetic field and the electrolyte be generated so that on account of the effect of Lorentz forces the cations migrate to the cathode and the anions to the anode and products of electrolysis be formed on the cathode and on the anode in electrolytic reactions, wherein the charge equalization necessary for the electrolytic reactions be carried out by the current path closed between the cathode and the anode.

Abstract: In order to provide a heat pumping method, in particular for generating cryogenic temperatures, which is efficient and less susceptible to malfunctions than known methods, the following, cyclically recurring method steps are suggested:Heating an electrically polarizable medium;cooling the heated polarizable medium by an operating medium;heating the operating medium in a regenerator;transferring part of the heat of the operating medium absorbed from the polarized medium to a warm-side heat exchanger;adiabatically terminating the action of the electric field on the polarized medium;cooling the stored operating medium;further cooling the operating medium cooled by the regenerator;cooling a cold-side heat exchanger with the operating medium cooled by the polarizable medium.

Abstract: In order to develop a method for producing at least approximately ball-shaped metallic particles at least almost equal in diameter such that a greater yield of particles at least almost equal in diameter is achieved than in known methods, it is suggested that a continuous stream of liquid metal is acted on locally by compressional vibrations that thereby cross-sectional constrictions are formed in the stream at a distance from each other in longitudinal direction of the stream which lead to the dissection of the stream and that the segments of the dissected stream adopting a ball shape due to the surface tension of the liquid metal are cooled to solidify the liquid metal.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for operating a motor-vehicle engine adapted to be driven by hydrogen gas, wherein hydrogen gas is compressed to an operational pressure level required for the high-pressure injection, which also enables a hydrogen engine to be operated at a storage pressure of the hydrogen gas conveyed in the motor vehicle which is below the operational pressure level required for the high-pressure injection, it is suggested that the hydrogen gas at a pressure below the operational pressure level be cooled to cryogenic temperatures and that the cold gas be compressed by means of a compressor operating at cryogenic temperatures and heated up again in the compressed state.

Abstract: In order to improve a method for filling a cryotank with liquid hydrogen, in which thermal energy is introduced into the liquid hydrogen by the transfer of the liquid hydrogen to the cryotank, such that the amount of gas which results during filling of a cryotank and is carried away via the gas return line is reduced to as great an extent as possible, preferably to zero, it is suggested that for filling hydrogen be used at a pressure and a temperature corresponding to an undercooled state of the liquid hydrogen.

Abstract: In order to improve a combustion engine for hydrogen comprising a main piston which is displaceable in a main cylinder in a stroke direction between a top dead center, forming a minimum main cylinder chamber with the main cylinder, and a bottom dead center and hereby performs a suction stroke, a compression stroke, a displacement stroke and an exhaust stroke, such that the problems of early ignition are avoided without any internal mixture formation with late injection being required, it is recommended that an auxiliary piston and an auxiliary cylinder be provided for movement relative to one another so as to be in equal phase and synchronous with the main piston and the main cylinder, that the auxiliary piston and the auxiliary cylinder define with one another a cylinder chamber varying between a minimum cylinder chamber in the top dead center and a maximum cylinder chamber in the bottom dead center, that the minimum cylinder chamber communicate with the minimum main cylinder chamber via a passage and that t

Abstract: To improve a cryogas pump, in particular a cryogas pump for cryogenic hydrogen fit for use in vehicles, comprising a cylinder housing and a piston which forms with the cylinder housing a first compression space for the cryogenic gas and which is mounted with a first piston section adjacent to the first compression space by a gas film in the cylinder housing such that owing to its dimensions it can be constructed so as to be fit for use in vehicles, with the shorter piston length requiring less cooling of the piston by the gas film, it is proposed that the cryogas pump comprise a second compression space with which the gas film is in communication and by means of which a flow of gas can be generated in the gas film in the direction of the first compression space.

Abstract: An arrangement for the metered feed of a fuel, especially in the combustion space of an internal combustion engine, includes a valve guided and actuatable in a valve body via a stem which intermittently controls a discharge opening arranged in the valve body. The stem of the valve is hollow for the formation of a reservoir chamber which enables the arrangement to be used for a cryogenic gaseous fuel. Channels are arranged in the stem and connect the reservoir chamber with an overflow chamber in the valve body which is arranged adjacent the discharge opening. The channels can be swirl channels.

Abstract: To improve a processing system for liquid hydrogen comprising a storage t and a supply unit arranged outside of and connected with the storage tank via a suction line, the supply unit comprising a feed pump which communicates on its pressure side with a motor feed line, such that the feed pump is constantly kept at operating temperature, it is suggested that the supply unit comprise a cool-stage casing completely surrounding the feed pump, the casing having hydrogen flowing through it which exits from the feed pump on the pressure side.

Abstract: In a method for conveying a liquid at or in the proximity of its boiling temperature, in particular, liquid hydrogen, by means of a pump which draws the liquid from a storage container through a suction entrance port, in order to prevent undesired bubble formation in the suction region, it is proposed that the pressure in the storage container be increased for a short time during the suction phase of the pump above the equilibrium pressure of the liquid in the storage container. An apparatus for performing this method is also described.

Abstract: A reciprocating pump for a cryogenic fluid includes a pump cylinder made of a material with low thermal expansivity, a piston displaceable in the pump cylinder, and self-lubricating piston rings made of polytetrafluorethylene held on the circumferential surface of the piston. The rings have a larger thermal expansivity than the pump cylinder. The arrangement allows optimum matching of piston rings and pump cylinder at cryogenic fluid pumping temperatures. The piston has a core made of a material with relatively large thermal expansivity which is surrounded by a spacer sleeve made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The core protrudes on both sides from the spacer sleeve and has expanding regions increasing conically towards its free ends. The piston rings surround the core in the expanding regions and are supported against the end faces of spacer sleeve. The conical expanding regions bias the rings toward the cylinder at low temperatures to insure effective sealing.

Abstract: An apparatus for magnetocaloric refrigeration, comprising a ferromagnetic terial arranged in a rotor and alternately entering and exiting from a stationary magnetic field when the rotor rotates, and also comprising a circuit for a working gas coming into successive heat exchange contact with a ferromagnetic material arranged outside the magnetic field and thereby cooled, a refrigeration load, a ferromagnetic material located within the magnetic field and thereby heated as well as an external negative heat source.

Abstract: A new high energy chemical complex is provided formed from metastable hel fixed on ammonia (HE.sub.m NH.sub.3), so that the metastable helium electron is captured so as to be held in the "L" layer of the metastable helium atom.The process for producing the He.sub.m NH.sub.3 complex comprises the following steps: excitation of helium to create metastable helium; deposition of metastable helium on NH.sub.3 to form the complex; and accumulation or condensation of the product.The invention finds a particular application as a propellant in the aerospace field.

Abstract: In order to achieve efficient refueling with a method and an apparatus for the automatic refilling of a liquid hydrogen tank in a motor vehicle in which the tank is connected to a liquid hydrogen supply line as well as a hydrogen gas return line, it is proposed that prior to commencement of refilling the liquid hydrogen tank the liquid hydrogen supply line in the vehicle be connected to the hydrogen gas return line and that liquid hydrogen be passed through said lines in order to cool them whereby only after they have been cooled is the liquid hydrogen supply line connected to the liquid hydrogen tank. For this purpose, a bypass line connecting the liquid hydrogen supply line to the hydrogen gas return line is provided in the motor vehicle, and electrically operable closing valves are provided in the liquid hydrogen supply line downstream of where the bypass line branches as well as in the bypass line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for propelling a hydrogen engine with ogenically stored hydrogen, wherein a pump, cooled down to an operating temperature close to the hydrogen boiling point, feeds hydrogen to the fuel-injection hydrogen engine. In order to improve the method and the apparatus so that the pump need not be maintained constantly at the operating temperature, it is proposed that the pump, when its temperature exceeds its operating temperature level, be purged with cold hydrogen gas and thus cooled down until its temperature drops to the operating level, and that the hydrogen gas that has been passed through the pump be utilized to propel the hydrogen engine in a partial-load range.

Abstract: Hydrogen evaporating in a liquid hydrogen tank is fed to a fuel cell generating electrical energy used to drive a cooling unit which cools the tank.