Abstract: A falling film evaporation type heat exchanger of the shell-tube type which includes an outer shell or main body portion and a plurality of individual heat transfer tubes disposed therein, with the heat transfer tubes extending substantially in a vertical direction. A liquid refrigerant is caused to freely fall from upper portions of the heat transfer tubes along the outer peripheral surfaces of the tubes and the evaporation of the thin refrigerant film, formed on the outer peripheral surface of the heat transfer tubes effects the transfer.

Abstract: A plurality of winding units each composed of a wire element are serially arranged in the axial direction of the winding between an inner insulating sleeve and an outer insulating sleeve, and vertical cooling paths are formed on opposite sides of each winding unit and horizontal cooling paths are formed between adjacent winding units. The winding units are divided into a plurality of winding sub-units to define a central vertical cooling path therebetween, which central vertical cooling path includes a via flow path and a branch inducing flow path, whereby cooling fluid flows in opposite directions and at substantially the same speed in the horizontal cooling paths along upper and lower surfaces of each of the winding units having the branch inducing flow path. In this manner, the entire winding is uniformly cooled.

Abstract: Winding structure for static electrical induction apparatus such as transformers, reactors, or the like. A winding assembly is disposed in a space formed between a pair of inner and outer insulation continuous walls which are disposed in a container so as to commonly include the vertical axis of the container thereby defining the space therebetween. An inner vertical coolant passage is formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall and an outer vertical coolant passage is also formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall. The winding assembly is composed of a plurality of coil units stacked on one another in the vertical direction with separation at predetermined intervals so as to form horizontal coolant passages between vertically adjacent ones of the coil units, the inner and outer vertical coolant passages communicating with each other through the horizontal coolant passages.

Abstract: Winding structure for static electrical induction apparatus such as transformers, reactors, or the like. A winding assembly is disposed in a space formed between a pair of inner and outer insulation continuous walls which are disposed in a container so as to commonly include the vertical axis of the container thereby defining the space therebetween. An inner vertical coolant passage is formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall and an outer vertical coolant passage is also formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall. The winding assembly is composed of a plurality of coil units stacked on one another in the vertical direction with separation at predetermined intervals so as to form horizontal coolant passages between vertically adjacent ones of the coil units, the inner and outer vertical coolant passages communicating with each other through the horizontal coolant passages.

Abstract: A rotor for hydrogen-cooled rotary electric machines is provided with a gas inlet chamber and a gas outlet chamber which are circumferentially defined by radially extending partition walls and disposed in a region between a retaining ring holding field windings in position and a rotor shaft. The gas outlet chamber is divided into a first zone located near the polar axis and a second zone located near the interpolar axis.Rotor cooling gas is introduced through a gas inlet port to the gas inlet chamber to flow to the gas outlet chamber divided into a plurality of zones while cooling the field windings. From the gas outlet chamber, the gas is discharged through axially extending passages and fan-like ventilating devices to the outside of the rotor.

Abstract: A rotor for hydrogen-cooled rotary electric machines is provided with a gas inlet chamber and a gas outlet chamber which are circumferentially defined by radially extending partition walls and disposed in a region between a retaining ring holding rotor windings in position and a rotor shaft. Rotor cooling gas is introduced through a gas inlet port to a gas inlet chamber to flow to a gas outlet chamber divided into a plurality of zones while cooling the rotor windings. Form the gas outlet chamber, the gas flows through axially extending passages to a plurality of fan-like ventilating means to be discharged outside of the rotor.

Abstract: A hermetic casing filled with a cooling gas contains a stator core having cooling ducts in radial direction, and a rotor comprised of a rotor body and an end-winding region and a fan for circulating the cooling gas. The cooled gas is divided into two flows at fan outlet by the dividing wall. One gas flow pressurized by the fan makes its way to the rotor end region and cools the same, and is discharged to the armature end region. The other gas flow pressurized by the gas goes to the stator core and the rotor body and cools the same, and then is discharged to the inlet side of the cooler. The two gas flows merge with each other at the inlet of the cooler, is cooled through the cooler, and reach the fan inlet region.

Abstract: Winding structure for static electrical induction apparatus such as transformers, reactors, or the like. A winding assembly is disposed in a space formed between a pair of inner and outer insulation continuous walls which are disposed in a container so as to commonly include the vertical axis of the container thereby defining the space therebetween. An inner vertical coolant passage is formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall and an outer vertical coolant passage is also formed between the winding assembly and the inner insulation wall. The winding assembly is composed of a plurality of coil units stacked on one another in the vertical direction with separation at predetermined intervals so as to form horizontal coolant passages between vertically adjacent ones of the coil units, the inner and outer vertical coolant passages communicating with each other through the horizontal coolant passages.

Abstract: A plurality of winding units mounted about a magnetic core structure, each of which consisting of wound wire elements, are disposed and stacked in an annular space defined by a coaxial inner and outer insulating sleeves, so as to form a winding structure for electric devices. Vertical passages for cooling fluid are defined at both sides of the winding units, while horizontal passages for the cooling fluid are formed between adjacent winding units. A plurality of peripherally continuous flow controlling bodies are disposed in either one of the vertical passages at a two vertical pitches of the winding unit, so as to confront alternating ones of the winding units. Alternatively, the flow controlling bodies are disposed alternatingly in both vertical passages, in such a manner that the flow controlling bodies disposed in one of the vertical passages confront alternating ones of said winding units which are not confronted by the flow controlling bodies disposed in the other vertical passage.

Abstract: A heat-transfer wall kept at a low temperature so that hot vapor brought into contact with its surface condenses thereon. The surface is grooved at a fine pitch, having thin and sharply tapering ridges in between, with shallower fine-pitch grooves or notches formed in the ridges. The wall may be that of a tube, the grooves may consist of a continuous root in the form of a helix, and the ridges may be bent into the grooves to form rounded crests. The wall contour is made by forming fine-pitch shallow grooves crosswise by knurling and then forming fine-pitch deep grooves by cutting and turning up the surfaces in a plowing manner, for example on a lathe. A grooved die may be used to deform and bend the edges of the ridges toward the deep grooves.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat-transfer wall for vapor condensation comprising the step of forming on the heat-transfer surface, a number of shallow grooves substantially in parallel at a fine pitch, and then forming, on the heat-transfer surface and in the direction across said shallow grooves, a number of grooves deeper than the shallow grooves at a fine pitch by cutting and turning up the heat-transfer surface in the plowing manner. Said method may further comprise a subsequent step of curling the edges of the ridges formed in the above-mentioned step into said deep grooves.

Abstract: A condensing, a heat-transfer wall for liquefying vapor having a temperature higher than the wall by bringing the vapor in contact therewith. There are provided many parallel grooves in the basic surface of the heat-transfer wall, thereby defining ridge portions or build-up portions thereamong. These ridge portions have their tip portions tapered at sharp acute angle. Recessed or concave portions are provided in the tip portions of these ridge portions, and these recessed portions have their surfaces inclined to the basic surface of the heat-transfer wall. The width of the respective grooves ranges from 0.05 to 2.5 mm, and the depth thereof is not more than 10 mm. The thickness of the respective ridge portions ranges from 0.01 to 2.5 mm, and the height there of is not more than 10 mm. The depth of the recessed portions ranges from 0.02 to 0.8 times the depth of the grooves, and the pitch of recessed portion is not more than 2.0 mm. The width of the tip portions of the portions is 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: A heat transfer wall for boiling liquids having a multiplicity of minute tunnels parallelly extending and spaced a distance of not more than 1 mm under the metal wall surface in contact with liquid. Each tunnel is communicated with the outside by a multiplicity of tiny holes formed at regular intervals of not more than 1 mm along the tunnel. The wall surface portion is in one piece with the wall body. The holes combinedly account for from 2 to 50% of the total surface area of the wall. The regularly formed holes are substantially triangular shaped. The wall is made of either copper or aluminum.

Abstract: A heat transfer pipe for use in a heat exchanger such as air conditioner, freezer and boiler, wherein grooves are formed in the inner wall surface of the pipe, which are by far finer in size than the grooves that have been provided for the purpose of increasing the heat transfer area in general, and slanting relative to the axis of pipe, to thereby improve the heat transfer rate without increasing the pressure loss caused to the fluid flowing through the pipe.