Abstract: A process for making a capacitor for a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. The SOI structure has a p-type silicon base layer, a buried oxide layer, a silicon layer, and an n+ layer formed within a portion of the p-type silicon base layer. The process comprises the steps of forming a buried oxide layer and a silicon layer in the p-type silicon base layer, forming an n+ layer in a portion of the p-type silicon base layer, and forming electrically conductive paths to the p-type silicon base layer and the n+ layer extending through the buried oxide and silicon layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising providing a silicon surface with an underlying insulator layer, providing a plurality of gates adjacent to source/drain regions, growing source/drains between the said gates such that the source/drains are thicker in regions of larger gate-to-gate pitch, and doping the source/drains with one or more dopants such that the dopants abut the underlying insulator layer.

Abstract: A process for making a capacitor for a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. The SOI structure has a p-type silicon base layer, a buried oxide layer, a silicon layer, and an n+ layer formed within a portion of the p-type silicon base layer. The process comprises the steps of forming a buried oxide layer and a silicon layer in the p-type silicon base layer, forming an n+ layer in a portion of the p-type silicon base layer, and forming electrically conductive paths to the p-type silicon base layer and the n+ layer extending through the buried oxide and silicon layers.

Abstract: The invention is in a composition and process for the chromium free passivating postrinsing of conversion layers on metals before the application of a paint or adhesive. The conversion layers can be on the bases of phosphate layers, at least two polyvalent metal ions with complex formers, titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium. The postrinsing agent is an aqueous solution which has been adjusted to a pH value of up to 5 and which contains an aluminum fluorozirconate having an Al:Zr:F mole ratio of (0.15 to 8.0):1:(5 to 52), and in which solutions the total concentration of Al+Zr+F is 0.1 to 8.0 g/l. The postrinsing solutions may additionally contain at least one of the anions benzoate, caprylate, ethyl hexoate, salicylate in a total concentration of 0.05 to 0.5 g/1 and may preferably be adjusted to the required pH value with cations of volatile bases, such as ammonium, ethanolammonium and di- and triethanolammonium.

Abstract: In a process of phosphating metal surfaces phosphating solutions are employed which are substantially free of nickel and contain______________________________________ 0.3 to 1.7 g/l Zn 0.2 to 4.0 g/l Mn 0.001 to 0.030 (preferably 0.003 to 0.020) g/l Cu 5 to 30 g/l phosphate (calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5) ______________________________________in which by oxygen and/or other equivalent oxidizers the concentration of Fe(II) is kept below 0.1 g/1 and which are adjusted to a pH value from 3.0 to 3.8. The weight ratio of Cu to P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is preferably adjusted to I: (170 to 30,000) and Cu and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 are preferably replenished in a weight ratio of 1 : (5 to 2000). The phosphating solutions should contain 0.3 to 1.0 g/1 Zn if they are applied by spraying and should contain 0.9 to 1.7 g/1 Zn if they are applied by spraying/dipping operations or by a dipping operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition and a process of using the composition for phosphating a workpiece made of steel or partly galvanized steel in preparation for electro-immersion painting. The cleaned and rinsed workpiece is first activated with a weakly alkaline aqueous solution which contains titanium phosphate and is subsequently dipped into an acid aqueous phosphating solution at a temperature of from 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. which contains1.8 to 5 g/l Zn,0.1 to 7 g/l Fe(II),8 to 25 g/l P.sub.2 O.sub.5,5 to 30 g/l NO.sub.3and in which the controlled ratio of free acid to total acid is between 0.04 and 0.07.The phosphating solution preferably contains 3 g/l zinc and 0.5 to 5 g/l iron(II) and additionally contains up to 3 g/l manganese.Other suitable components of the phosphating solution are Co, Ni, hydroxylamine, fluorides, tartaric acid, citric acid, and m-nitrobenzene sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for forming phosphate coatings on metal surfaces is provided which comprises the steps of contacting said metal surface with an Fe(II)-containing phosphating solution comprising0.4 to 30 g/l Zn4 to 30 g/l P.sub.2 O.sub.55 to 50 g/l NO.sub.3up to 10 g/l Fe(II) ; andup to 0.3 g/l (Fe(III)wherein the weight ratio of free P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to total P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is (0.04 to 0.50):1 and, replenishing said phosphating solution with Zn, NO.sub.3 and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in a weight ratio ofZn:NO.sub. 3 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 =(0.60 to 0.30):(0.2 to 0.4):1.wherein the Fe(II) content is adjusted by oxidation with nitrate or nitrite derived from nitrate optionally employed with an oxygen-containing gas, H.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for phosphating a galvanized surface, particularly of galvanized steel wherein the surface is contacted for up to 10 seconds with a phosphating solution which contains accelerator, particularly nitrate,0.5 to 5.0 g/l zinc,3 to 20 g/l phosphate (calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5),0.3 to 3 g/l magnesiumat a weight ratio of magnesium: zinc=(0.5 to 10):1 and has an S value in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 preferably in the range from 0.2 to 0.3, and is replenished with a concentrate in which the weight ratio of zinc to phosphate (calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5) is in the range from (0 to 1):8.It is particularly desirable to use a phosphating solution which contains up to 1.5 g/l zinc, preferably 0.5 to 1 g/l zinc, at a weight ratio of magnesium: zinc of (0.5 to 3:1, nickel ions in an amount of up to 1.5 g/l, preferably in an amount of up to 0.5 g/l and simple or complex fluoride in an amount of up to 3 g/l, preferable 0.1 to 1.5 g/l (calculated as F in each case).

Abstract: A process for retarding the formation of incrustation on plant parts in contact with phosphating solutions in phosphating plants and where the working phosphating solution immediately after contacting the metal surface to be phosphated and while the solution is at its working temperature is caused to flow to contact an additionally presented solid surface that is disposed outside the region in which the workpiece metal surface and phosphating solution contact each other. The ratio of the second solid surface area which is contacted by the phosphating solution in the phosphating plant to the surface area of the plant parts in contact with the phosphating solution is at least 2.

Abstract: A process to form phosphate coatings on individual parts of metal which at least on part of their surface consists of iron or steel. The individual parts are contacted at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100 degrees centigrade for 3 to 30 seconds with an aqueous phosphating solution which contains 10 to 80 g/l zinc, 12 to 80 g/l phosphate (calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5), 40 to 150 g/l nitrate and, in addition 0.1 to 10 g/l fluoride, 0.01 to 10 g/l nickel, 0.0001 to 0.1 g/l copper, and may also contain tartaric acid, citric acid and/or manganese and in which the ratio of free acid to total acid has been adjusted to (0.1 to 0.3):1 and which contains at least 80 points of total acid and is virtually free of iron(II) ions. Prior to phosphating treatment, the individual parts may be cleaned and may optionally be treated to remove rust, scale and phosphate layers and/or be activated. After the phosphating treatment they may be passivated with an after-rinse solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of producing a phosphate coating on a composite part consisting of steel and galvanized steel, which comprises alkaline cleaning, rinsing with an aqueous rinsing bath, and phosphatizing with an aqueous zinc phosphate solution. The formation of a non-uniform coating and of spots is avoided in the process of the invention by the use of a rinsing bath which contains at least 0.2 g/l alkali borate, at least 0.1 g/l alkali silicate and at least 0.05 g/l alkali nitrite, and which preferably contains said components in a total up to 5 g/l.If the composite part is to be activated with an activating bath which contains titanium phosphate before being contacted with the zinc phosphate solution, the activating bath must contain at least 1 g/l and preferably up to 4 g/l of tetraalkalipyrophosphate.The process of the invention can be used to prepare composite parts of steel and galvanized steel for subsequent painting, particularly by electrophoretic dip painting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of producing phosphate coatings on surfaces which consist of aluminum or its alloys and of at least one of the materials steel and galcanized steel by spraying or by spraying and dipping. Uniform phosphate layers having a high cover factor are obtained by the use of a phosphating solution which contains about 0.4 to about 0.8 g/l Zn, about 10 to about 20 g/l P.sub.2 O.sub.5, at least one accelerator and about 80 to about 220 mg/l fluoride ("F(el)"), as determined by a fluoride-sensitive electrode immersed into the bath solution and in which the content of free acid (FA) (in points) has been adjusted to and is maintained at a value corresponding to FA=(0.5 to 1.0)+K wherein K is calculated as K=(0.002 to 0.012).times.F(el). The free acid (FA) content is preferably adjusted to and maintained at FA=(0.04 to 0.06).times.C.sub.P.sbsb.2.sub.O.sbsb.5 +K and the content of free acid (FA) is determined using K=(0.003 to 0.009).times.F(el).

Abstract: The quality of coatings in a low zinc phosphating process is improved by including an activator of formate, nitrilotriacetate, trichloroacetate or ethylenediamenetetraacetate to produce more uniform coatings particularly desirable in advance of electrocoating.

Abstract: In a process for phosphating composite metals containing steel and zinc surfaces using phosphating solutions based on zinc phosphate by the dipping process, in order to achieve satisfactory formation of the phosphate layer, the composite metals are subjected to preliminary dipping for a maximum of 30 seconds in a phosphating solution based on zinc phosphate in order to initiate the formation of the phosphate layer, and are then conveyed to the main dip-phosphating zone.It is advantageous to spray the composite metals with a phosphating solution based on zinc phosphate while they are being conveyed from the preliminary to the main dip-phosphating zone, and it is advisable to limit the duration of the conveying and thus of the spraying treatment to a maximum of 30 seconds.

Abstract: A process of electrodepositing zinc on steel wherein zinc-containing aqueous sulfuric acid electrolytes are used which contain one or more oxyacids of sulfur in which the sulfur has an oxidation number from +5 to +1. The phosphatizing of the resulting zinc coatings results in phosphate coatings which are virtually free of spots. Suitable oxyacids are sulfurous acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.3), sulfoxylic acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.2), hyposulfurous acid (H.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.4) and/or thiosulfuric acid (H.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.3) in the form of acids, salts and acid anhydrides. The oxyacids should be present in the electrolyte in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 g/l, preferably 0.1 to 2 g/l.

Abstract: A process for the phosphatizing of metals, particularly iron, steel and zinc, in which the metal is contacted with acidic aqueous zinc phosphate solutions, containing an oxidizing agent, which containfrom 0.4 to 1.5 g/liter of Zn,from 0 to 1.3 g/liter of Ni andfrom 10 to 26 g/liter of P.sub.2 O.sub.5,and in which the weight ratio of Zn to P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is adjusted to a value of (from 0.012 to 0.12):1 and of Ni to Zn to a value of (from 0 to 1.5):1, and the bath is supplemented with a concentrate, in which Zn, Ni and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 are present in a weight ratio of (from 0.18 to 0.33:(from 0 to 0.06):1, so as to obtain satisfactory phosphatizing results over a long period.Preferably, the zinc phosphatizing solutions, which, in addition, may also contain simple or complex fluorides and compounds that reduce the weight of the coat, are applied at a temperature within the range of from 30.degree. to 65.degree. C.

Abstract: A composition for the phosphatizing of metals, particularly iron and steel, which comprises an aqueous acidic, chlorate-containing zinc phosphate solution which containsfrom 0.5 to 1.5 g/liter Znfrom 0.4 to 1.3 g/liter Nifrom 10 to 26 g/liter P.sub.2 O.sub.5from 0.8 to 5 g/liter Cl0.sub.3and in which no nitrite is added, and in which the weight ratio ofZn to Ni shall be adjusted to a value of 1: (from 0.5 to 1.5), that of Zn to P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to a value of 1: (from 8 to 85) and that of free P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to a value of from (0.005 (at about 30 degrees C.) to 0.06 (at about 60 degrees C.)): 1.The composition is particularly useful in processes for the preparation of metal surfaces for electrophoretic coating, particularly for cathodic immersion coating.

Abstract: A new composition and process provide improved phosphate treatment prior to cathodic electropainting. The surface is contacted with an aqueous acidic zinc phosphate solution having a weight ratio of Zn:PO.sub.4 of 1:12-110 and 0.3 to 2.0 g/l fluoborate prior to electropainting.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition free of hexavalent chromium is employed to treat a metal surface. The composition contains trivalent chromium, phosphate ion and dispersed silica.