Abstract: A method for rendering an audio element that is at least partially occluded, where the audio element is represented using a set of two or more virtual loudspeakers (e.g., SpL, SpC, SpR), the set comprising a first virtual loudspeaker (e.g., SpR). In one embodiment, the method includes modifying a first virtual loudspeaker signal for the first virtual loudspeaker (e.g., SpR), thereby producing a first modified virtual loudspeaker signal. The method also includes using the first modified virtual loudspeaker signal to render the audio element (e.g., generate an output signal using the first modified virtual loudspeaker signal).

Abstract: In one aspect, there is a method for rendering a spatially-heterogeneous audio element. In some embodiments, the method includes obtaining two or more audio signals representing the spatially-heterogeneous audio element, wherein a combination of the audio signals provides a spatial image of the spatially-heterogeneous audio element. The method also includes obtaining metadata associated with the spatially-heterogeneous audio element, the metadata comprising spatial extent information indicating a spatial extent of the audio element. The method further includes rendering the audio element using: i) the spatial extent information and ii) location information indicating a position (e.g. virtual position) and/or an orientation of the user relative to the audio element.

Abstract: Providing a more natural, physically accurate rendering of the acoustic behavior of a volumetric audio source (e.g., a line-like audio source). In one embodiment, this is achieved by applying a parametric distance-dependent gain function in the rendering process, where the shape of the parametric gain function depends on characteristics of the volumetric audio source.

Abstract: A method for rendering an audio element (e.g., a spatially-heterogeneous audio element), wherein the audio element has an extent and is represented using a set of virtual loudspeakers comprising a middle virtual loudspeaker. The method includes, based on a position of a listener, selecting a position for the middle virtual loudspeaker and/or calculating an attenuation factor for the middle virtual loudspeaker.

Abstract: A method of audio rendering. The method includes receiving an audio element, wherein the audio element comprises: i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation of the audio element being in a listener-centric format and ii) information indicating the spatial region. The method further includes determining that a listener is outside the spatial region. The method further includes deriving an exterior representation of the audio element and rendering the audio element using the exterior representation of the audio element. In another aspect, a method of providing a spatially-bounded audio element is provided. The method includes providing, to a rendering node, an audio element. The audio element includes: (i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation being in a listener-centric format; and (ii) information indicating the spatial region.

Abstract: A method of rendering an audio source is provided. The method comprises receiving an input audio signal corresponding to the audio source and receiving a reverberation parameter indicating a target energy ratio with respect to a reverberant sound component of audio for the audio source. The method further comprises obtaining a directivity pattern of the audio source, deriving a relative gain for the audio source based on the obtained directivity pattern, wherein the relative gain is relative to an omnidirectional audio source, and generating an adjusted audio signal using the received input audio signal, the reverberation parameter, and the derived relative gain.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is a method for rendering a spatially-heterogeneous audio element. In some embodiments, the method includes obtaining two or more audio signals representing the spatially-heterogeneous audio element, wherein a combination of the audio signals provides a spatial image of the spatially-heterogeneous audio element. The method also includes obtaining metadata associated with the spatially-heterogeneous audio element, the metadata comprising spatial extent information indicating a spatial extent of the audio element. The method further includes rendering the audio element using: i) the spatial extent information and ii) location information indicating a position (e.g. virtual position) and/or an orientation of the user relative to the audio element.

Abstract: Providing a more natural, physically accurate rendering of the acoustic behavior of a volumetric audio source (e.g., a line-like audio source). In one embodiment, this is achieved by applying a parametric distance-dependent gain function in the rendering process, where the shape of the parametric gain function depends on characteristics of the volumetric audio source.

Abstract: A method of audio rendering. The method includes receiving an audio element, wherein the audio element comprises: i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation of the audio element being in a listener-centric format and ii) information indicating the spatial region. The method further includes determining that a listener is outside the spatial region. The method further includes deriving an exterior representation of the audio element and rendering the audio element using the exterior representation of the audio element. In another aspect, a method of providing a spatially-bounded audio element is provided. The method includes providing, to a rendering node, an audio element. The audio element includes: (i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation being in a listener-centric format; and (ii) information indicating the spatial region.

Abstract: A method (800) for rendering an audio source for a listener. The method comprises obtaining (s802) a spatial extent value indicating a spatial extent of the audio source and obtaining (s804) a distance value specifying a distance between the audio source and the listener. The method also comprises determining (s806) whether the distance value is smaller than a threshold distance value. The method further comprises as a result of determining that the distance value is smaller than the threshold distance value, rendering (s808) to the listener the audio source using an effective spatial extent value.

Abstract: A method (900) for representing an audio object in an extended reality scene. The method includes obtaining (s902) first metadata describing a first three-dimensional (3D) shape associated with the audio object. The method also includes transforming (s904) the obtained first metadata to produce transformed metadata describing a two-dimensional (2D) plane or a one-dimensional (1D) line, wherein the 2D plane or the 1D line represent at least a portion of the audio object.

Abstract: A method (900) for representing a cluster of audio objects (202). The method includes obtaining (s902) reference position information identifying a reference position within the cluster of audio objects; and using the obtained reference position information, transforming (s904) the cluster of audio objects into a composite spatial audio object. The transforming of the cluster of audio objects into the composite spatial audio object is performed independently of any listening position of any user.

Abstract: Providing a more natural, physically accurate rendering of the acoustic behavior of a volumetric audio source (e.g., a line-like audio source). In one embodiment, this is achieved by applying a parametric distance-dependent gain function in the rendering process, where the shape of the parametric gain function depends on characteristics of the volumetric audio source.

Abstract: A method of audio rendering. The method includes receiving an audio element, wherein the audio element comprises: i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation of the audio element being in a listener-centric format and ii) information indicating the spatial region. The method further includes determining that a listener is outside the spatial region. The method further includes deriving an exterior representation of the audio element and rendering the audio element using the exterior representation of the audio element. In another aspect, a method of providing a spatially-bounded audio element is provided. The method includes providing, to a rendering node, an audio element. The audio element includes: (i) an interior representation that is valid within a spatial region, the interior representation being in a listener-centric format; and (ii) information indicating the spatial region.

Abstract: Providing a more natural, physically accurate rendering of the acoustic behavior of a volumetric audio source (e.g., a line-like audio source). In one embodiment, this is achieved by applying a parametric distance-dependent gain function in the rendering process, where the shape of the parametric gain function depends on characteristics of the volumetric audio source.