Abstract: A three-dimensional radiological image of a living being is acquired and an anatomical feature of interest therein is identified. A three-dimensional print of the feature is created; the print has haptic characteristics that are similar to those of the anatomical feature of interest. The print is incorporated into a model upon which a medical student can simulate a surgical operation. A simulator is provided; the simulator simulates the operation of a c-arm fluoroscope. This enables the medical student to simulate surgery while operating a fluoroscope.

Abstract: A three-dimensional radiological image of a living being is acquired and an anatomical feature of interest therein is identified. A three-dimensional print of the feature is created; the print has haptic characteristics that are similar to those of the anatomical feature of interest. The print is incorporated into a model upon which a medical student can simulate a surgical operation. A simulator is provided; the simulator simulates the operation of a c-arm fluoroscope. This enables the medical student to simulate surgery while operating a fluoroscope.

Abstract: A method of preplanning for guided medical procedures includes obtaining a first 3D diagnostic dataset for a region of interest of a subject. This first dataset can be a non-stereotactic dataset and provide sufficient contrast to identify target tissue in the region of interest. A treatment preplan is developed to treat the target tissue using the first dataset exclusive of stereotactic data. The treatment preplan includes placement locations for a plurality of initial radiation beams and their respective dose intensities. A second, stereotactic 3D dataset can be obtained for the region of interest. A registered dataset can then be created by registering the first dataset to the second dataset. The treatment preplan can be modified using data associated with the registering step to generate a stereotactic treatment plan including a plurality of radiation treatment beams with respective placement positions based on the registered dataset to treat the target tissue.