Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage devices are disclosed for simulated choral audio chatter in communication systems. One method including: receiving audio data from each of a plurality of users participating in a first group of a plurality of groups for an event using a communication system; generating first simulated choral audio chatter based on the audio data received from each of the plurality of users in the first group; and providing the generated first simulated choral audio data to at least one user of a plurality of users of the event.

Abstract: A computer designed nanoengineered membrane for separation of dissolved species. One embodiment provides an apparatus for treatment of a fluid that includes ions comprising a microengineered porous membrane, a system for producing an electrical charge across the membrane, and a series of nanopores extending through the membrane. The nanopores have a pore size such that when the fluid contacts the membrane, the nanopores will be in a condition of double layer overlap and allow passage only of ions opposite to the electrical charge across the membrane.

Abstract: An electronic circuit including a power managed circuit (2610), and a power management control circuit (3570) coupled to the power managed circuit (2610) and operable to select between at least a first operating performance point (OPP1) and a second higher operating performance point (OPP2) for the power managed circuit (2610), each performance point including a respective pair (Vn, Fn) of voltage and operating frequency, and the power management control circuit (3570) further operable to control dynamic power switching of the power managed circuit (2610) based on a condition wherein the power managed circuit (2610) at a given operating performance point has a static power dissipation (4820.1), and the dynamic power switching puts the power managed circuit in a lower static power state (4860.1) that dissipates less power than the static power dissipation (4820.1).

Abstract: A microfluidic device made from nanolaminate materials that are capable of electrophoretic selection of particles on the basis of their mobility. Nanolaminate materials are generally alternating layers of two materials (one conducting, one insulating) that are made by sputter coating a flat substrate with a large number of layers. Specific subsets of the conducting layers are coupled together to form a single, extended electrode, interleaved with other similar electrodes. Thereby, the subsets of conducting layers may be dynamically charged to create time-dependent potential fields that can trap or transport charge colloidal particles. The addition of time-dependence is applicable to all geometries of nanolaminate electrophoretic and electrochemical designs from sinusoidal to nearly step-like.

Abstract: Nanochannel electrophoretic and electrochemical devices having selectively-etched nanolaminates located in the fluid transport channel. The normally flat surfaces of the nanolaminate having exposed conductive (metal) stripes are selectively-etched to form trenches and baffles. The modifications of the prior utilized flat exposed surfaces increase the amount of exposed metal to facilitate electrochemical redox reaction or control the exposure of the metal surfaces to analytes of large size. These etched areas variously increase the sensitivity of electrochemical detection devices to low concentrations of analyte, improve the plug flow characteristic of the channel, and allow additional discrimination of the colloidal particles during cyclic voltammetry.

Abstract: Nanochannel electrophoretic and electrochemical devices having selectively-etched nanolaminates located in the fluid transport channel. The normally flat surfaces of the nanolaminate having exposed conductive (metal) stripes are selectively-etched to form trenches and baffles. The modifications of the prior utilized flat exposed surfaces increase the amount of exposed metal to facilitate electrochemical redox reaction or control the exposure of the metal surfaces to analytes of large size. These etched areas variously increase the sensitivity of electrochemical detection devices to low concentrations of analyte, improve the plug flow characteristic of the channel, and allow additional discrimination of the colloidal particles during cyclic voltammetry.

Abstract: Electrophoric/electrochemical devices involving two separate, parallel, flat surfaces consisting of metal/insulator nano-laminates. The use of two nano-laminates increases the electrophoretic flow through a channel of given dimensions at a given applied voltage as compared to prior approaches. The introduction of these separate electrodes to the walls of the fluid channel maximizes the amount of exposed metal and minimizes the diffusion distance to facilitate electrochemical redox reactions. The combination of rapid solvent turnover and efficient detection of low concentrations of analyte creates a fast and sensitive detector.

Abstract: Nanolaminate materials are composites that consist of alternating layers of different materials (often conducting and insulating materials) that are manufactured by repeated sputter coating of a flat substrate. The layers can be exceedingly thin—on the order of a few atomic layers up to hundreds of nanometers. When the composite is cut perpendicular to the planes of these layers, a surface results that along one dimension has closely spaced alternating stripes of the materials. This patterned surface is incorporated into electrochemical and electrophoretic devices. The device may be positioned such that sample fluid may pass horizontally or vertically relative to the exposed closely spaced stripes. Such a device may be constructed to use an array of discrete conducting layers to define a voltage gradient so as to perform electrophoretic transport in a narrow fluid channel with one surface defined by the nanolaminate material.

Abstract: A microfluidic device made from nanolaminate materials that are capable of electrophoretic selection of particles on the basis of their mobility. Nanolaminate materials are generally alternating layers of two materials (one conducting, one insulating) that are made by sputter coating a flat substrate with a large number of layers. Specific subsets of the conducting layers are coupled together to form a single, extended electrode, interleaved with other similar electrodes. Thereby, the subsets of conducting layers may be dynamically charged to create time-dependent potential fields that can trap or transport charge colloidal particles. The addition of time-dependence is applicable to all geometries of nanolaminate electrophoretic and electrochemical designs from sinusoidal to nearly step-like.

Abstract: Nanochannel electrophoretic and electrochemical devices having selectively-etched nanolaminates located in the fluid transport channel. The normally flat surfaces of the nanolaminate having exposed conductive (metal) stripes are selectively-etched to form trenches and baffles. The modifications of the prior utilized flat exposed surfaces increase the amount of exposed metal to facilitate electrochemical redox reaction or control the exposure of the metal surfaces to analytes of large size. These etched areas variously increase the sensitivity of electrochemical detection devices to low concentrations of analyte, improve the plug flow characteristic of the channel, and allow additional discrimination of the colloidal particles during cyclic voltammetry.

Abstract: Nanolaminate materials are composed of alternating layers of two materials, such as conducting and insulating materials, that are synthesized by sputter coating on a flat substrate with a large number of layers. By employing lithographic processing during the deposition process, it is possible to make separate electrical contact to specific subsets of the metallic layers in the composite nanolaminate. Any number of separate electrodes is possible, in principle. This allows for multiple electrochemical circuits for simultaneous cyclic voltammetry in a single detection electrophoretic channel. The improvement allows for electrophoretic flow of 1 electrolyte and the electrochemical detection and discrimination of various analyte particles. The microfluidic component can be incorporated in a device for the purpose of analyzing or performing a chemical or biological assay on a very small fluid electrolyte, such as water. Such devices can be used as pathogen detectors.

Abstract: Structural nano-laminate templates to collect and organize atoms, molecules, nano-crystals, colloids, cells, proteins, and spores. The nanostructured materials enables controlled deposition of molecules and nanoparticles, and in many applications, enable attachment of organic or “soft” matter to an inorganic or “hard” substrate. This enables the deposition of proteins onto specific site or into ordered arrays which can facilitate their detection as well as their crystallization. The nano-laminates may be constructed using magnetron sputtering to deposit alternating layers of selected materials, such as amorphous alumina and amorphous silica, on a silicon substrate. The substrate is then sectioned and polished, exposing the cross-sections of the deposited layers, and to which selected proteins, for example, are attached in an ordered manner.

Abstract: A data processing system having a bus master, a cache, and a memory which is capable of transferring operands in bursts in response to a burst request signal provided by the bus master. The bus master will provide the burst request signal to the memory in order to fill a line in the cache only if there are no valid entries in that cache line. If a requested operand spans two cache lines, the bus master will defer the burst request signal until the end of the transfer of that operand, so that only the second cache line will be burst filled.

Abstract: A data processing system having a bus master, a cache, and a memory which is capable of transferring operands in bursts in response to a burst request signal provided by the bus master. The bus master will provide the burst request signal to the memory in order to fill a line in the cache only if there are no valid entries in that cache line. If a requested operand spans two cache lines, the bus master will defer the burst request signal until the end of the transfer of that operand, so that only the second cache line will be burst filled.

Abstract: A data processing system having a bus master and a memory which is capable of transferring operands in bursts of m in response to a burst request signal provided by the bus master, the operands being clustered modulo m about a selected access address provided by the bus master, where m is two (2) to the n power, n being an integer and characteristic of the memory. The bus master is adapted to automatically increment, modulo m, a selected set n of the bits of the access address as each operand in the burst is transferred, provided that the memory has indicated that the burst can be continued and less than m operands have been transferred.