Abstract: A technique includes determining at least one parameter that characterizes a seismic survey in which multiple interfering seismic sources are fired and seismic sensors sense energy that is produced by the seismic sources. The determination of the parameter(s) includes optimizing the seismic survey for separation of the sensed energy according to the seismic sources.

Abstract: Multiple Modeling, wherein the wavefield is separated into up/down wavefield on either source-side or receiver-side; wherein WEMM is used to extrapolate and predict multiples, which are attenuated from OBC seismic data.

Abstract: Method for attenuating surface multiple reflections in dual-wavefield seismic data. In one implementation, the method may include: (a) performing wavefield separation on dual-wavefield seismic data to separate events in the seismic data into data sets according to ghost characteristics; (b) applying a multidimensional Surface-Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) to two or more of the data sets to yield an SRME result in a manner that retains surface reflection information affecting surface multiple reflections; and (c) repeating step (b) one or more times.

Abstract: A technique includes determining at least one parameter that characterizes a seismic survey in which multiple interfering seismic sources are fired and seismic sensors sense energy that is produced by the seismic sources. The determination of the parameter(s) includes optimizing the seismic survey for separation of the sensed energy according to the seismic sources.

Abstract: A technique includes determining at least one parameter that characterizes a seismic survey in which multiple interfering seismic sources are fired and seismic sensors sense energy that is produced by the seismic sources. The determination of the parameter(s) includes optimizing the seismic survey for separation of the sensed energy according to the seismic sources.

Abstract: Multiple Modeling, wherein the wavefield is separated into up/down wavefield on either source-side or receiver-side; wherein WEMM is used to extrapolate and predict multiples, which are attenuated from OBC seismic data.

Abstract: A technique includes determining at least one parameter that characterizes a seismic survey in which multiple interfering seismic sources are fired and seismic sensors sense energy that is produced by the seismic sources. The determination of the parameter(s) includes optimizing the seismic survey for separation of the sensed energy according to the seismic sources.

Abstract: Method for attenuating surface multiple reflections in dual-wavefield seismic data. In one implementation, the method may include: (a) performing wavefield separation on dual-wavefield seismic data to separate events in the seismic data into data sets according to ghost characteristics; (b) applying a multidimensional Surface-Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) to two or more of the data sets to yield an SRME result in a manner that retains surface reflection information affecting surface multiple reflections; and (c) repeating step (b) one or more times.

Abstract: Traveltimes of multiply reflected seismic events in a seismic profile or a model are determined from traveltimes for primary events. The traveltimes for the primary events may be obtained by ray tracing through a velocity model of the subsurface of by picking traveltimes from primary reflection horizons present in an actual seismic data set. The traveltimes for the primary events define a traveltime table for various combinations of source and receiver locations. The traveltime for a multiple corresponding to specified source and receiver positions is then determined by summing the traveltimes for primary events from the source to an interim point and from the interim point to the receiver: the correct location of the interim point corresponding to an actual multiple reflection raypath from the source to the receiver is the one that, according to Fermat's principle, has the minimum value for the sum.

Abstract: A discrete, minimally-equipped standard seismic calibration system is permanently installed over a subsurface reservoir structure that contains fluids of economic interest. Changes in the fluid content as a function of long-term time lapse may introduce changes in the acoustical characteristics of the reservoir rock layers, producing a corresponding change in the seismic signature recorded by the calibration system. The difference between two signatures over a selected time epoch defines a time-lapse calibration signature. The time lapse calibration signature can be applied to reduce the results of different conventional seismic data-acquisition systems of different vintages and technologies to a common standard.

Abstract: A computationally economical method for applying multi-dimensional multiple-reflection attenuation to a marine seismic-signal data set comprised of a plurality of common shot gathers that have surface-multiple wavefields embedded therein. The multi-dimensional data are assumed to have been gathered from a plurality of parallel 2-D lines of survey. From every nth reference line, where n is a small number greater than 2, a common shot gather is selected. For every so-selected common shot gather, a reference surface-multiple wavefield is predicted as a function of offset and travel time with the aid of any well-known multiple attenuation routine, using a wavelet having fixed attributes in terms of amplitude, phase and frequency. A common shot gather is chosen from among the plurality of common shot gathers.