Abstract: A new and distinct variety of apple tree named ‘Franklin Cider Apple’ characterized particularly by its fruit having a white, crisp flesh, its sweetness in taste and goodness for eating, and for its superior astringency which makes it particularly suitable for blending purposes in the production of hard apple cider.

Abstract: A process control method for adjusting chemical application in response to the pulp brightness and/or lignin content is realized by utilizing a coupled control feedforward, feedback or combination feedforward/feedback control system, wherein brightness measurements are made between successive lignin content measurements and adjustments made to the chemical application in response to a comparison value.

Abstract: A process control for adjusting bleaching agent application in response to the pulp brightness and/or K number is realized by utilizing a coupled control feedforward and/or feedback control system or combination thereof wherein brightness measurements are made between successive K number measurements and adjustments made to the bleaching agent application in response to a comparison value.

Abstract: A timed rate control applies to a system having a device 12 for varying a medium 14, a sensor 13 for detecting variation in the medium, and a pneumatic line 11 for varying the device 12 in response to the sensor. This includes many pneumatic control systems that the invention can effectively stabilize to reduce fluctuation and improve operating accuracy and efficiency. The pneumatic line is opened and closed by a solenoid valve 17, and a setable timer 18 variably determines both closed and open intervals for the solenoid valve. The timer is connected to the solenoid valve to control alternate operation between the closed and open intervals while the system operates. This limits each adjustment to a brief duration separated by inactive periods that allow the system to stabilize.

Abstract: A new and distinct Apple Tree named ‘Mayo’ characterized particularly by a combination of great scab and cedar apple rust resistance, greater hardiness, its fruit having a white, crisp flesh, its sweetness in taste and goodness for eating, uniquely balanced with a dry bittersharp quality which makes it particularly suitable for blending purposes in the production of hard apple cider.