Abstract: Regulation of expression of genes encoded for in plant cell genomes is achieved by integration of a gene under the transcriptional control of a promoter which is functional in the host and in which the transcribed strand of DNA is complementary to the strand of DNA that is transcribed from the endogenous gene(s) one wishes to regulate. The integrated gene, referred to as antisense, provides an RNA sequence capable of binding to naturally existing RNAs, exemplified by polygalacturonase, and inhibiting their expression, where the anti-sense sequence may bind to the coding, non-coding, or both, portions of the RNA. The antisense construction may be introduced into the plant cells in a variety of ways and be integrated into the plant genome for inducible or constitutive transcription of the antisense sequence. A wide variety of plant cell properties may be modified by employing this technique.

Abstract: Regulation of expression of genes encoded for in plant cell genomes is achieved by integration of a gene under the transcriptional control of a promoter which is functional in the host and in which the transcribed strand of DNA is complementary to the strand of DNA that is transcribed from the endogenous gene(s) one wishes to regulate. The integrated gene, referred to as antisense, provides an RNA sequence capable of binding to naturally existing RNAs, exemplified by polygalacturonase, and inhibiting their expression, where the anti-sense sequence may bind to the coding, non-coding, or both, portions of the RNA. The antisense construction may be introduced into the plant cells in a variety of ways and be integrated into the plant genome for inducible or constitutive transcription of the antisense sequence. A wide variety of plant cell properties may be modified by employing this technique.

Abstract: Expression constructs are provided employing a plant EF-1.alpha. promote which allows for elevated expression in rapidly dividing cells. Sequences from the gene and untranslated regions associated with the gene may be employed in an antisense construct to reduce growth rate. The promoter finds particular use in protecting rapidly dividing tissue and tender shoots from a wide variety of environmentally induced stress conditions.

Abstract: Regulation of expression of genes encoded for in plant cell genomes is achieved by integration of a gene under the transcriptional control of a promoter which is functional in the host and in which the transcribed strand of DNA is complementary to the strand of DNA that is transcribed from the endogenous gene(s) one wishes to regulate. The integrated gene, referred to as anti-sense, provides an RNA sequence capable of binding to naturally existing RNAs, exemplified by polygalacturonase, and inhibiting their expression, where the anti-sense sequence may bind to the coding, non-coding, or both, portions of the RNA. The antisense construction may be introduced into the plant cells in a variety of ways and be integrated into the plant genome for inducible or constitutive transcription of the anti-sense sequence. A wide variety of plant cell properties may be modifed by employing this technique.The pCGN978xK12 was deposited at the A.T.C.C. on Mar. 25, 1986, and given Accession No.

Abstract: Polygalacturonase DNA sequence and its use in modulating polygalacturonase expression in plant cells. DNA constructions are provided. The transit peptide finds use with heterologous peptides.

Abstract: Beer production is improved by the introduction of oxalate decarboxylase during mashing and/or fermentation. The addition of the oxalate decarboxylase diminishes or eliminates calcium oxalate precipitation as a deposit on tank walls and equipment.