Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and processes for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from wet-process phosphoric acid that may contain Cd, including excessive amounts of Cd. The process developed is based on the application of commercially available ion exchange resins with the application of Continuous Ion Exchange (CIX) technology. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes and methods for the recovery and/or the removal of cadmium from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods as provided herein allows for the reduction of cadmium metal contaminants with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid products, such as world-class diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, super-phosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and processes for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from wet-process phosphoric acid that may contain Cd, including excessive amounts of Cd. The process developed is based on the application of commercially available ion exchange resins with the application of Continuous Ion Exchange (CIX) technology. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes and methods for the recovery and/or the removal of cadmium from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods as provided herein allows for the reduction of cadmium metal contaminants with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid products, such as world-class diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, super-phosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of recovering uranium including a continuous ion exchange (CIX) process including a single cycle or a dual cycle CIX process and at least a gradient elution or resin crowding process. The present disclosure also describes an apparatus including a single cycle or dual cycle CIX system and a gradient elution and/or resin crowding system.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and processes for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from wet-process phosphoric acid that may contain Cd, including excessive amounts of Cd. The process developed is based on the application of commercially available ion exchange resins with the application of Continuous Ion Exchange (CIX) technology. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes and methods for the recovery and/or the removal of cadmium from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods as provided herein allows for the reduction of cadmium metal contaminants with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid products, such as world-class diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, super-phosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and processes for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from wet-process phosphoric acid that may contain Cd, including excessive amounts of Cd. The process developed is based on the application of commercially available ion exchange resins with the application of Continuous Ion Exchange (CIX) technology. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes and methods for the recovery and/or the removal of cadmium from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods as provided herein allows for the reduction of cadmium metal contaminants with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid products, such as world-class diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, super-phosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery, removal or extracting of, and subsequent purification of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange processing approach, where the uranium is recovered from a phosphoric acid, or a phos-acid feedstock using either a dual or a single stage extraction methodology. In both cases an intermediate ammonium uranyl-tricarbonate solution is formed. In alternative embodiments, in the dual cycle approach, this solution is contacted in a second continuous ion exchange system with a strong anion exchange resin then subsequently recovered as an acidic uranyl solution that is further treated to produce an intermediate uranyl peroxide compound which is ultimately calcined to produce the final uranium oxide product.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided herein are methods and industrial processes for generating high purity (high alpha cellulose) pulp from lignocellulosic feedstocks, comprising directly contacting a lignocellulosic feedstock with a system comprising a super critical or near-super critical fluid or mixture of fluids, whereby the partial pressure of the system provides for the alcoholysis, hydrolysis or a combination thereof of the feedstock at reduced temperatures and pressures, followed by an upgrading step wherein a low-purity cellulosic material generated in the super critical or near-super critical reaction step is treated with an alkaline solution. Also provided herein are systems and methods for producing a high purity cellulose material using reduced amounts of alkaline material.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and industrial processes for treating radium-containing oil well flow-back to produce a completely or substantially radium-free water stream product. In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and industrial processes comprising contacting an oil well flow-back with an ion exchange compound to completely or substantially remove radium from the effluent water stream, thereby producing a completely or substantially radium-free effluent, or product. In alternative embodiments, methods provided herein remove the radium present in radium-containing fluids, and the resultant effluents can be removed and stabilized. In alternative embodiments, methods and systems are provided herein are applicable to the treatment of effluents from the hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas formations.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery, removal or extracting of, and subsequent purification of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange processing approach, where the uranium is recovered from a phosphoric acid, or a phos-acid feedstock using either a dual or a single stage extraction methodology. In both cases an intermediate ammonium uranyl-tricarbonate solution is formed. In alternative embodiments, in the dual cycle approach, this solution is contacted in a second continuous ion exchange system with a strong anion exchange resin then subsequently recovered as an acidic uranyl solution that is further treated to produce an intermediate uranyl peroxide compound which is ultimately calcined to produce the final uranium oxide product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucose and glucose derivatives from the direct contacting of cellulose, hemicelluloses and/or polysaccharides with a mixed super critical fluid system of alcohol and water whereby the partial pressure of the system provides for both alcoholysis and hydrolysis of the material to generate primarily glucose, and glucose derivatives.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery, removal or extracting of, and subsequent purification of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange processing approach, where the uranium is recovered from a phosphoric acid, or a phos-acid feedstock using either a dual or a single stage extraction methodology. In both cases an intermediate ammonium uranyl-tricarbonate solution is formed. In alternative embodiments, in the dual cycle approach, this solution is contacted in a second continuous ion exchange system with a strong anion exchange resin then subsequently recovered as an acidic uranyl solution that is further treated to produce an intermediate uranyl peroxide compound which is ultimately calcined to produce the final uranium oxide product.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to the isolation of molecules exhibiting vitamin E activity, e.g. tocopherols and/or tocotrienols, from mixed lipid feedstocks. In alternative embodiments, the inventions provides methods and industrial processes for isolating vitamin E molecules, including tocopherols and/or tocotrienols, from mixed lipid feedstocks by combining the feedstock with an alcohol and reacting the mixture at or above the critical point of the alcohol, and then optionally separating the products into discreet fractions.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to the production of free fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, from soapstock comprising soaps (salts of fatty acids). In alternative embodiments, the invention provides methods and industrial processes for generating free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives from a soapstock comprising soaps by combining the feedstock with one or more reactants to form a reaction mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature and pressure sufficient to provide for the acidification of the soaps.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for extracting and recovering rare earth materials from a wet-process phosphoric acid using one or more continuous ion exchange resin systems. In alternative embodiments, the method is particularly suited for use in extracting and recovering multiple rare earth materials present in low concentrations contained in wet-process phosphoric acid.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery, removal or extracting of, and subsequent purification of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange processing approach, where the uranium is recovered from a phosphoric acid, or a phos-acid feedstock using either a dual or a single stage extraction methodology. In both cases an intermediate ammonium uranyl-tricarbonate solution is formed. In alternative embodiments, in the dual cycle approach, this solution is contacted in a second continuous ion exchange system with a strong anion exchange resin then subsequently recovered as an acidic uranyl solution that is further treated to produce an intermediate uranyl peroxide compound which is ultimately calcined to produce the final uranium oxide product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucose and glucose derivatives from the direct contacting of cellulose, hemicelluloses and/or polysaccharides with a mixed super critical fluid system of alcohol and water whereby the partial pressure of the system provides for both alcoholysis and hydrolysis of the material to generate primarily glucose, and glucose derivatives.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery, removal or extracting of, and subsequent purification of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange processing approach, where the uranium is recovered from a phosphoric acid, or a phos-acid feedstock using either a dual or a single stage extraction methodology. In both cases an intermediate ammonium uranyl-tricarbonate solution is formed. In alternative embodiments, in the dual cycle approach, this solution is contacted in a second continuous ion exchange system with a strong anion exchange resin then subsequently recovered as an acidic uranyl solution that is further treated to produce an intermediate uranyl peroxide compound which is ultimately calcined to produce the final uranium oxide product.

Abstract: In particular, in alternative embodiments, the invention provides for a method to recover silicofluoride and phosphate species from wastewaters, or barometric condenser waters, that are typically utilized in wet-process phosphoric acid facilities. The species are recovered via a continuous ion exchange approach that allows for economic recovery of the materials and especially with the silicofluoride component allows for the production of valuable industrial materials such as hydrofluoric acid and other fluoride salts as well as industrial-grade precipitated silica materials. Return of the treated waste water to the phos-acid plant allows for optimization of reagent usage.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided herein are methods and industrial processes for generating high purity (high alpha cellulose) pulp from lignocellulosic feedstocks, comprising directly contacting a lignocellulosic feedstock with a system comprising a super critical or near-super critical fluid or mixture of fluids, whereby the partial pressure of the system provides for the alcoholysis, hydrolysis or a combination thereof of the feedstock at reduced temperatures and pressures, followed by an upgrading step wherein a low-purity cellulosic material generated in the super critical or near-super critical reaction step is treated with an alkaline solution. Also provided herein are systems and methods for producing a high purity cellulose material using reduced amounts of alkaline material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucose and glucose derivatives from the direct contacting of cellulose, hemicelluloses and/or polysaccharides with a mixed super critical fluid system of alcohol and water whereby the partial pressure of the system provides for both alcoholysis and hydrolysis of the material to generate primarily glucose, and glucose derivatives.