Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing liver cells, especially liver stem cells, which after injection into a mammal or in vitro form liver cells that are differentiated, especially differentiated into hepatocytes, into cholangiocytes, and preferably also into liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) that can e.g. form blood sinusoidal capillaries. The invention is based on in in vitro producing liver stem cells from a sample of liver tissue, cultivating the liver stem cells in vitro for an increase in cell number. It has been found that the liver stem cells that are produced by the process of the invention can be cultivated and increased in number while maintaining their capability to differentiate into liver cells, especially into hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and preferably also into LSEC. Accordingly, the process of the invention is suitable for producing liver stem cells that are autologous for the originator of the sample of liver tissue.

Abstract: A device is described for controlling a hydraulic accumulator of a hydraulic system, for example a vehicle transmission, having a valve device which may connect and disconnect an accumulator-side port of the device to and from a system-side port, the valve device including at least one valve main stage, which is situated hydraulically between the accumulator-side port and the system-side port and to which a pressure prevailing hydraulically at the accumulator-side port is preferably applied by an application means in the opening direction, the valve device also including an electrically actuated control valve which may connect the system-side port to a control port of the valve main stage which acts in the closing direction of the valve main stage and to the accumulator-side port, at least one first throttle being situated between the control valve and the accumulator-side port.

Abstract: Systems and methods for addressable field enhancement microscopy are provided. In an embodiment, a nanoscale array of islands may be illuminated with an electromagnetic signal and addressed to differentiate signals from different islands of the nanoscale array. The differentiated signals originating from illuminating the nanoscale array may be applied to microscopy of a specimen.

Abstract: An electromagnetic directional control valve has a magnetic part including a coil body, a coil arrangement of the coil body, a magnetic pole mounted on the coil body, a flux guiding element, and an armature, and a hydraulic part provided with passages and at least one valve which controls a pressure medium flow to the passages, and an outwardly mounted fixing element which fixes the magnetic pole on the coil body.