Abstract: A hybrid drive has at least one internal combustion engine having at least two cylinders, as well as at least one electric machine having at least one electric motor function and at least one generator function. The hybrid drive is arranged so as to operate all the cylinders of the at least one internal combustion engine in a full-load operation and so as to shut down at least one of the at least two cylinders in at least one part-load operation, at least one additional one of the at least two cylinders of the at least one internal combustion engine being operated. In the at least one part-load operation, the at least one shut-down cylinder has pressure applied to it, e.g., an overpressure by a combustion mixture that was combusted last.

Abstract: A hybrid drive has at least one internal combustion engine having at least two cylinders, as well as at least one electric machine having at least one electric motor function and at least one generator function. The hybrid drive is arranged so as to operate all the cylinders of the at least one internal combustion engine in a full-load operation and so as to shut down at least one of the at least two cylinders in at least one part-load operation, at least one additional one of the at least two cylinders of the at least one internal combustion engine being operated. In the at least one part-load operation, the at least one shut-down cylinder has pressure applied to it, e.g., an overpressure by a combustion mixture that was combusted last.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for monitoring the state of charge of an accumulator battery, which is installed in particular in a motor vehicle, has a control unit that records and evaluates the flow of current out of or into the accumulator battery. The control unit is able to be shifted into a state with low current consumption (sleep mode), out of which it may be brought again by an activation signal. Moreover, a sensor is provided that emits a signal in response to a flow of current out of or into the accumulator battery.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for monitoring the state of charge of an accumulator battery, which is installed in particular in a motor vehicle, has a control unit that records and evaluates the flow of current out of or into the accumulator battery. The control unit is able to be shifted into a state with low current consumption (sleep mode), out of which it may be brought again by an activation signal. Moreover, a sensor is provided that emits a signal in response to a flow of current out of or into the accumulator battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine, having a thermal monitoring protector (4) for turning the starter (1) off when its limit operating temperature is reached. The starter is characterized by a device (5) for ascertaining a virtual operating temperature (TV); the device (5) ascertains the virtual operating temperature (TV) as a function of at least one operating parameter that affects the operating temperature of the starter (1).

Abstract: The sensor circuit arrangement includes a sensor (23; 53) that produces an alternating voltage sensor signal that varies according to a measured variable; first and second current supplying circuits (21, 51) connected to respective sensor terminals to apply first and second output voltages (U1, U2) to the respective terminals; a counter-coupling network (24, 54) coupling the current supplying circuits to provide respective constant currents to the sensor (23, 53) and a sensor signal processing circuit portion. The sensor signal processing circuit portion includes an operational amplifier (13,46) connected across the sensor terminals, a low-pass filter (20,50) connected to the operational amplifier and a capacitor (19, 46) connected to the operational amplifier to generate an alternating output signal having an amplitude depending on the magnitude of the measured variable. The low-pass filter produces a filter output signal indicative of a temperature-dependent internal sensor resistance.

Abstract: The control device for a starter of an internal combustion engine includes an engaging and holding coil for a starter pinion; a main connecting bridge for the starter, terminals for a starter motor winding of the starter, a ground terminal connected to ground, an operating voltage terminal, a main switching device for starter motor operation, a switching transistor (T1), especially a MOSFET, having a collector-emitter path between the engaging and holding coil and the ground terminal and an electronic starter controller for controlling the switching transistor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cranking device for internal combustion engines, having a starter motor whose starter pinion initially shifts into the gear ring of the engine with a starting signal via an engagement magnet, before the starter motor trips the cranking process with full force. The shifting of the starter pinion and the switching of the starter motor are improved by providing that the starter motor (SM) with the starting signal (st) drives the starter pinion initially via a protective resistor (Rvor) with reduced torque, and the engagement magnet (EM) shifts it into the gear ring of the engine, and that after that, the engagement magnet (EM) presses the starter pinion all the way into the gear ring of the engine, and the starter motor (SM) turns the engine over with full torque by bypassing the protective resistor (Rvor).

Abstract: A pressure force sensor has two oppositely located connectors for a force introduction to an inside located force sensor module which emits an output signal as a function of an external pressure force, a fork arm attached to each of the connectors and having two fork ends which are offset by 90° and enclose the force sensor module, and pressure elements located between respective bases of the fork arms and a force introduction surface of the force sensor module, the pressure elements being also laterally enclosed by angled sections of the fork ends, so that pressure forces as well as tensile forces can be passed from the connectors to the force introduction surface of the force sensor module.

Abstract: The apparatus for controlling an electrical starter motor for cranking a cranking mechanism of an internal combustion engine to start the engine includes a circuit for making an electrical connection between a voltage source and the starter motor by which the starter motor is coupled with a cranking gear of the engine by means of a shiftable transmission when the circuit is energized and an electronic control unit for controlling at least one of a voltage, a current and an on-time of the electrical starter motor in a stepwise manner in a two-stage control process including a first stage in which the starter motor is coupled with the cranking gear and operated at a reduced rotation speed to reduce wear. The electronic control unit is electrically connected between the voltage source and the starter motor and is an electronic relay that includes a central processing unit and at least two electronic power switches for switching the voltage of the starter motor.

Abstract: A brake apparatus for vehicles having a wheel brake on each vehicle wheel, each wheel brake has a brake body non-rotatably connected to the vehicle wheel, a brake actuator that engages the brake body for braking purposes, and a brake anchor plate that contains the brake actuator and is fastened to the chassis. A sensor that is disposed on the brake anchor plate for detecting the wheel brake moment, the sensor is universally usable for various embodiments of the wheel brake and with the least possible alterations to the chassis, the sensor is embodied as a so-called pillow block force transducer that is adapted so that it constitutes at least one fastening element between the brake anchor plate and the chassis.