Abstract: Implementations disclosed herein provide a method comprising applying voltage to a read head during an unload state, detecting characteristic read head data, and storing the detected characteristic read head data in a buffer. In another implementation, the method further comprises performing a read retry operation in response to a read failure, reading the detected characteristic read head data from the buffer, determining if the detected characteristic read head data meets a threshold for a first predetermined criterion, performing a correction operation if the threshold for the first the first predetermined criterion is met, determining whether a media sector is read successfully, and ending the read retry operation if the media sector is read successfully.

Abstract: Implementations disclosed herein provide a method comprising applying voltage to a read head during an unload state, detecting characteristic read head data, and storing the detected characteristic read head data in a buffer. In another implementation, the method further comprises performing a read retry operation in response to a read failure, reading the detected characteristic read head data from the buffer, determining if the detected characteristic read head data meets a threshold for a first predetermined criterion, performing a correction operation if the threshold for the first the first predetermined criterion is met, determining whether a media sector is read successfully, and ending the read retry operation if the media sector is read successfully.

Abstract: Implementations disclosed herein provide a method comprising applying voltage to a read head during an unload state, detecting characteristic read head data, and storing the detected characteristic read head data in a buffer. In another implementation, the method further comprises performing a read retry operation in response to a read failure, reading the detected characteristic read head data from the buffer, determining if the detected characteristic read head data meets a threshold for a first predetermined criterion, performing a correction operation if the threshold for the first the first predetermined criterion is met, determining whether a media sector is read successfully, and ending the read retry operation if the media sector is read successfully.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate holder and a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus including the substrate holder. The substrate holder provides a reaction region by making face-sealing contact with a reactor wall. The substrate holder has an elastic behavior when pressure is applied thereto while the substrate holder makes face-sealing contact with the reactor wall. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes the substrate holder and a gas supply unit configured to supply gas to the reaction region provided by the reactor wall and the substrate holder.

Abstract: A reaction chamber includes a reactor wall, a susceptor contacting the reactor wall to define a reaction space and a gas flow control device and a showerhead member stacked between the reactor wall and the susceptor. The showerhead member includes a gas channel and a showerhead. Penetration holes are formed through a protruding lateral portion of the gas flow control device, and the reactor wall and a lateral portion of the showerhead member are spaced apart from each other to form a gas discharge path. Gas remaining in the gas discharge path is discharged through the penetration holes and a gas outlet formed in an upper portion of the reactor wall. The reaction chamber provides a reaction space and the gas discharge path from which unnecessary regions are removed to rapidly change gases from one to another, and thus atomic layer deposition may be performed with high efficiency and productivity.

Abstract: A channel equalizer includes a first transformer, an estimator, an average calculator, a second transformer, a coefficient calculator, a compensator, and a third transformer. The first transformer converts normal data into frequency domain data, where a known data sequence is periodically repeated in the normal data. The estimator estimates channel impulse responses (CIR) during known data intervals adjacent to each normal data block. The average calculator calculates an average value of the CIRs. The second transformer converts the average value into frequency domain data. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the average value, and the compensator compensates channel distortion of each normal data block using the coefficients. The third transformer converts the compensated data block into time domain data.

Abstract: A channel equalizer includes a first transformer, an estimator, an average calculator, a second transformer, a coefficient calculator, a compensator, and a third transformer. The first transformer converts normal data into frequency domain data, where a known data sequence is periodically repeated in the normal data. The estimator estimates channel impulse responses (CIR) during known data intervals adjacent to each normal data block. The average calculator calculates an average value of the CIRs. The second transformer converts the average value into frequency domain data. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the average value, and the compensator compensates channel distortion of each normal data block using the coefficients. The third transformer converts the compensated data block into time domain data.

Abstract: A lateral flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) apparatus has two gas inflow channels and two gas outflow channels that are connected to two gas outlets that are symmetrically formed based on a substrate in which a thin film is deposited, thereby differently guiding a flow direction of a gas flowing on the substrate. Therefore, uniformity of a deposited film is improved, compared with the conventional lateral flow ALD apparatus in which a supplied source gas and reaction gas constantly flow in only one direction on the substrate.

Abstract: A lateral flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) apparatus has two gas inflow channels and two gas outflow channels that are connected to two gas outlets that are symmetrically formed based on a substrate in which a thin film is deposited, thereby differently guiding a flow direction of a gas flowing on the substrate. Therefore, uniformity of a deposited film is improved, compared with the conventional lateral flow ALD apparatus in which a supplied source gas and reaction gas constantly flow in only one direction on the substrate.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device is disclosed which includes: a lower substrate including a first substrate defined into red, green and blue sub-pixel regions, first and second switching elements formed in the red and green sub-pixel regions, first and second anodes each connected to the first and second switching elements, and a first organic light emission layer entirely formed on the first substrate provided with the first and second anodes; and an upper substrate including a second substrate, red and green color filter layers formed on the second substrate corresponding to the red and green sub-pixel regions, a third switching element formed on the second substrate corresponding to the blue sub-pixel region, a third anode connected to the third switching element, and a second organic light emission layer entirely formed on the second substrate provided with the red and green color filter layers and the third anode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device is disclosed which includes a lower substrate including a first substrate defined into red, green and blue sub-pixel regions, first and second switching elements formed in the red and green sub-pixel regions, first and second anodes each connected to the first and second switching elements, and a first organic light emission layer entirely formed on the first substrate provided with the first and second anodes; and an upper substrate including a second substrate, red and green color filter layers formed on the second substrate corresponding to the red and green sub-pixel regions, a third switching element formed on the second substrate corresponding to the blue sub-pixel region, a third anode connected to the third switching element, and a second organic light emission layer entirely formed on the second substrate provided with the red and green color filter layers and the third anode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device is disclosed which includes a lower substrate including a first substrate defined into red, green and blue sub-pixel regions, first and second switching elements formed in the red and green sub-pixel regions, first and second anodes each connected to the first and second switching elements, and a first organic light emission layer entirely formed on the first substrate provided with the first and second anodes; and an upper substrate including a second substrate, red and green color filter layers formed on the second substrate corresponding to the red and green sub-pixel regions, a third switching element formed on the second substrate corresponding to the blue sub-pixel region, a third anode connected to the third switching element, and a second organic light emission layer entirely formed on the second substrate provided with the red and green color filter layers and the third anode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device is disclosed which includes: a lower substrate including a first substrate defined into red, green and blue sub-pixel regions, first and second switching elements formed in the red and green sub-pixel regions, first and second anodes each connected to the first and second switching elements, and a first organic light emission layer entirely formed on the first substrate provided with the first and second anodes; and an upper substrate including a second substrate, red and green color filter layers formed on the second substrate corresponding to the red and green sub-pixel regions, a third switching element formed on the second substrate corresponding to the blue sub-pixel region, a third anode connected to the third switching element, and a second organic light emission layer entirely formed on the second substrate provided with the red and green color filter layers and the third anode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device is disclosed which includes: a lower substrate including a first substrate defined into red, green and blue sub-pixel regions, first and second switching elements formed in the red and green sub-pixel regions, first and second anodes each connected to the first and second switching elements, and a first organic light emission layer entirely formed on the first substrate provided with the first and second anodes; and an upper substrate including a second substrate, red and green color filter layers formed on the second substrate corresponding to the red and green sub-pixel regions, a third switching element formed on the second substrate corresponding to the blue sub-pixel region, a third anode connected to the third switching element, and a second organic light emission layer entirely formed on the second substrate provided with the red and green color filter layers and the third anode.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitting/receiving system and a method of processing digital broadcast data in the DTV transmitting/receiving system are disclosed. The DTV transmitting system includes a randomizer for randomizing enhanced data, an encoder for encoding each bit of the randomized enhanced data at a coding rate of ½ in order to output data symbols, a symbol to byte converter for converting the data symbols to data bytes, a deinterleaver for deinterleaving the data bytes, a Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder for RS-coding enhanced data packets including the deinterleaved data bytes to add RS parity data, a data interleaver for interleaving data of the RS-coded enhanced data packets, a trellis encoder for trellis coding the interleaved data at a coding rate of ?, and a transmitting unit for transmitting a digital broadcast signal including the trellis-encoded data.

Abstract: A channel equalizer includes a first transformer, an estimator, an average calculator, a second transformer, a coefficient calculator, a compensator, and a third transformer. The first transformer converts normal data into frequency domain data, where a known data sequence is periodically repeated in the normal data. The estimator estimates channel impulse responses (CIR) during known data intervals adjacent to each normal data block. The average calculator calculates an average value of the CIRs. The second transformer converts the average value into frequency domain data. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the average value, and the compensator compensates channel distortion of each normal data block using the coefficients. The third transformer converts the compensated data block into time domain data.

Abstract: A method of processing broadcast data in a transmitting system includes randomizing enhanced data; Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding and Cyclic Redundancy Check encoding the randomized enhanced data to build an RS frame; encoding the enhanced data in the built RS frame at a coding rate of at least ½ or ¼; first interleaving the encoded enhanced data; deinterleaving the first interleaved enhanced data; first multiplexing enhanced data packets including the deinterleaved enhanced data with main data packets including main data; randomizing the main data in the multiplexed enhanced and main data packets; second interleaving the enhanced data in the multiplexed enhanced and main data packets and the randomized main data to output a data group having the interleaved enhanced data and the interleaved main data; trellis encoding data in the data group in a trellis encoding unit; and second multiplexing the trellis-encoded data with field synchronization data and segment synchronization data.

Abstract: A DTV transmitter includes a pre-processor expanding original enhanced data, a data formatter generating enhanced data packets including the expanded enhanced data and inserting known data place holders into the data packets, a multiplexer multiplexing the enhanced data packets with main data packets including main data, and an RS encoder adding systematic RS parity data to each main data packet and adding non-systematic RS parity data holders to each enhanced data packet. It further includes a data interleaver interleaving the RS-coded data packets, a known data generator generating know data symbols, a converter converting the interleaved data packet into symbols, and a symbol processor processing the converted symbols. The symbol processor removes symbols representing the null data, encodes symbols representing the original enhanced data at a rate of N/M, and replaces symbols representing the know data place holders with known data symbols.