Abstract: A battery system includes neighboring first and second groups of battery cells. The battery system also includes a battery system enclosure configured to house each of the first and second groups of battery cells. The battery system additionally includes a vent channel mounted to the battery system enclosure. The vent channel is configured to expel high-temperature gases to external environment separately from each battery cell of the first group of battery cells and divert the high-temperature gases away from other battery cells of the first group of battery cells and from the second group of battery cells. The vent channel minimizes transfer of the high-temperature gases between the battery cells of the first group and from the first group of battery cells to the second group of battery cells and thereby mitigates propagation of a thermal runaway event in the battery system.

Abstract: The invention discloses a blockchain-based intrusion detection system for railway signal, which is built on a blockchain's distributed chain structure, without a central, trusted control center. This design mitigates the vulnerabilities associated with centralized intrusion detection centers. Additionally, by utilizing a blockchain-based distributed structure, it also eliminates the risk of a single point of failure for the intrusion detection center. Moreover, the data within the blockchain-based intrusion detection system is highly resistant to malicious tampering. This is achieved by leveraging the consensus mechanism inherent in the blockchain, which can achieve consensus among intrusion detection nodes. The current invention solves the internal evil attacks and avoid the inability to reach consensus between nodes due to internal evil, thereby affecting the intrusion detection performance; at the same time, the intrusion detection model can resist external network attacks.

Abstract: A method for detecting a urea consumption deviation including: calculating a pump pressure correction factor fac; calculating a urea consumption deviation factor A when the pump pressure correction factor fac is within a calibrated range; calculating the urea consumption deviation factor A multiple times, and calculating an average value of A; and comparing the average value of the urea consumption deviation factor A with a calibrated limiting value range, so as to determine whether there is a great deviation between an actual urea consumption value and a theoretical urea consumption value, the calculating the pump pressure correction factor fac comprises: adjusting a pressure of a urea pump to P1; adjusting the pressure of the urea pump to P2, where P2 is smaller than P1; recording a time T1 during which the pressure of the urea pump is adjusted from P1 to P2; and calculating fac=T1/(P1?P2).

Abstract: The invention discloses a blockchain-based intrusion detection system for railway signal, which is built on a blockchain's distributed chain structure, without a central, trusted control center. This design mitigates the vulnerabilities associated with centralized intrusion detection centers. Additionally, by utilizing a blockchain-based distributed structure, it also eliminates the risk of a single point of failure for the intrusion detection center. Moreover, the data within the blockchain-based intrusion detection system is highly resistant to malicious tampering. This is achieved by leveraging the consensus mechanism inherent in the blockchain, which can achieve consensus among intrusion detection nodes. The current invention solves the internal evil attacks and avoid the inability to reach consensus between nodes due to internal evil, thereby affecting the intrusion detection performance; at the same time, the intrusion detection model can resist external network attacks.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), in accordance with a non-limiting example, includes a first energy storage cell including a first outer surface, a second outer surface, a first lateral side, and a second lateral side. The second lateral side includes a first structural side plate including a first side member extending from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. A second energy storage cell includes a first outer surface portion, a second outer surface portion, a first lateral side surface, and a second lateral side surface. The first lateral side surface includes a second structural side plate including a second side member extending from the second outer surface portion toward the first outer surface portion. The first side member stacks with the second side member to form an interface joining the first energy storage cell with the second energy storage cell.