Abstract: A method for culturing cells or microorganisms by dissolving oxygen or carbon dioxide in a culture solution containing a nutrient including: supplying gas containing oxygen or carbon dioxide into inside of a glass porous body being configured to have cylindrical shape and a large number of uniformly fine pores in the outer surface and being configured to seal the end of the glass porous body; generating bubbles that have a 50% diameter of 200 ?m or less in a volume-based particle size distribution from the outer surface of the porous body by using gas containing oxygen or carbon dioxide that is supplied from an unsealed end of the glass porous body; suppressing aggregation of the bubbles by at least one of a cell-protecting agent for protecting the cells and a protein hydrolysate included in the culture solution; and dissolving oxygen or carbon dioxide in the culture solution.

Abstract: This monosaccharide production method is a method for producing monosaccharides from biomass having a first step 3 in which a raw material biomass is pretreated in 65 to 85 (w/w) % sulfuric acid at a temperature of 30 to 70° C., and a second step 4 in which the first step treatment product pretreated in the first step is subjected to saccharification treatment in 20 to 60 (w/w)% sulfuric acid at a temperature of 40 to 100° C.

Abstract: A method for the production of a bacterial cellulose by cultivating a cellulose-producing bacteria for at least a certain period of time under such an apparatus condition that an oxygen-transfer coefficient (K.sub.L a) is about 25 to about 50/hr, said K.sub.L a is determined by using a simulated suspension containing 2% by weight of BC and having a plastic viscosity of 15 to 20 poise.

Abstract: (1) A carbon film derived from a polyimide film, which has a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.2, a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 5000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and an electric conductivity of at least 200 S/cm.(2) A process for preparing a carbon film which comprises the following steps:1) reacting a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine and a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, an aromatic diamine, and a polyamino compound having at least three amino groups to form a polyamic acid;2) forming a film of polyamic acid;3) imidizing the polyamic acid film to form a polyimide film having a tensile strength of at least 10 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 500 Kgf/mm.sup.2 ; and4) carbonizing the polyimide film in an inert gas or in a vacuum until a carbon film having a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: A polyamic acid composite comprising i) a polyamic acid having three dimensional network molecular structure obtained by a ring-opening polyaddition reaction of a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with an aromatic diamine and a tri- or tetramino compound and ii) (a) a high polymer component having a different molecular structure from the polyamic acid, which is dispersed in the three dimensional network molecular structure of the polyamic acid and of which molecular chains are interpenetrated with molecular chains of the polyamic acid or (b) a curable resin composition which is dispersed in the three dimensional network molecular structure of the polyamic acid and which is capable of forming a cured resin of which molecular chains are interpenetrated with molecular chains of the polyamic acid, and a polyimide composite obtained from the polyamic acid composite, and process for production thereof.

Abstract: (1) A carbon film derived from a polyimide film, which has a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.2, a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 5000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and an electric conductivity of at least 200 S/cm.(2) A process for preparing a carbon film which comprises the following steps:1) reacting a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine and a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, an aromatic diamine, and a polyamino compound having at least three amino groups to form a polyamic acid;2) forming a film of polyamic acid;3) imidizing the polyamic acid film to form a polyimide film having a tensile strength of at least 10 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 500 Kgf/mm.sup.2 ; and4) carbonizing the polyimide film in an inert gas or in a vacuum until a carbon film having a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: A polyamic acid having a three-dimensional network molecular structure produced by a gel forming ring-opening polyaddition reaction in an organic solvent of the reaction components comprising:(A) an acid component consisting of at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride selected from the group consisting of a tetracarboxy benzene dianhydride, a tetracarboxy dianhydride of a compound having 2 to 5 condensed benzene rings, and compounds represented by formula (III), and substituted compounds thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents --O--, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, an alkylene group, an alkylene bicarbonyloxy group, an alkylene bioxycarbonyl group, a phenylene group, a phenylene alkylene group, or a phenylene dialkylene group, n.sub.4 is 0 or 1, n.sub.5 is 0 or 1; and n.sub.6 is 1 or 2, provided that the sum of n.sub.5 and n.sub.

Abstract: The resin composition which contains thermosetting resin as Component (A), a thermoplastic resin as Component (B), and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin capable of dissolving the thermoplastic resin and a reactive diluent possessing at least one epoxy group as Component (C) in a ratio such that the proportions of Components (A), (B), and (C) fall respectively in the ranges of 30 to 96% by weight, 2 to 50% by weight, and 2 to 49% by weight, based on the total weight of the resin composition. The resin composition is capable of producing a molded article combining the highly satisfactory mechanical and thermal properties of a thermosetting resin and the highly satisfactory toughness of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A process for producing a product of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin comprising immersing carbon fibers in a suspension of a powder of a thermoplastic resin in a liquid medium, which contains at least 20 wt % of an organic liquid and which contains from 0 to 80 wt % water, to impregnate the thermoplastic resin among carbon fibers, and heating the thermoplastic resin deposited on the fibers to melt and form a unitary assembly with carbon fibers.

Abstract: A prepreg obtained by impregnating fibers with an epoxy resin composition by a hot melt method is described, wherein the epoxy resin composition comprises components (A), (B), and (C), wherein(A) is an epoxy resin(B) is a hardening agent composition containing a hydrazide type hardening agent for an epoxy resin, and having a melting point of not higher than 160.degree. C., and (B) further contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols and phenols having a melting point of not less than 50.degree. C.,(C) is a urea compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y each represents H, Cl, or OCH.sub.3.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition having excellent adhesive and high mechanical strength is disclosed. The composition comprises:(A) a bisphenol A type epoxy resin present in an amount of at least 45 wt % of the total epoxy resin;(B) a novolak type epoxy resin present in an amount of at least 8 wt % of the total epoxy resin;(C) a glycidyl amine type epoxy resin (including the one used in (D)) present in an amount of at least 15 wt % of the total epoxy resin;(D) a reaction product of a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer having carboxyl groups on at least both ends of the molecule and a glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, said butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer being present in an amount of 1.