Abstract: To provide a planar light source device capable of preventing abnormal light emittance at a vicinity of a lamp without causing deterioration in brightness and disadvantage in view of structure and a liquid crystal display having high display grade, by projecting a reflection sheet 4 from a light guiding plate 3 to inside of a lamp reflector 2 and providing notch portions 5 at both end portions of the reflection sheet 4 projected to inside of the lamp reflector 2, interference between the projected reflection sheet 4 and electrode portions or lamp holders 1a at both ends of the lamp 1 is prevented from causing.

Abstract: A plurality of liquid crystal modules is vertically and horizontally arranged, each of which is supplied light by a light source via optical fibers. A screen can be wound up at a cabinet. An image from each of the plurality of liquid crystal modules does not interfere one another because a light shielding board is installed.

Abstract: To provide a planar light source device capable of preventing abnormal light emittance at a vicinity of a lamp without causing deterioration in brightness and disadvantage in view of structure and a liquid crystal display having high display grade, by projecting a reflection sheet 4 from a light guiding plate 3 to inside of a lamp reflector 2 and providing notch portions 5 at both end portions of the reflection sheet 4 projected to inside of the lamp reflector 2, interference between the projected reflection sheet 4 and electrode portions or lamp holders 1a at both ends of the lamp 1 is prevented from causing.

Abstract: A dichroic mirror for reflecting red light for optical separating and a dichroic mirror for reflecting red light for optical synthesizing are installed on the same plane in an image generating apparatus of the present invention. In addition, a dichroic mirror for reflecting blue light for optical separating and a dichroic mirror for reflecting blue light for optical synthesizing are installed on the same plane. Accordingly, a compact configuration can be realized. Since a main reflecting mirror is a rotating elliptic mirror and a lamp is located on a focus or around the focus, a lighting equipment which irradiates conic luminous flux can be realized.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter extracts orthogonally polarized light beams from natural light and distributes those to liquid crystal panels, which modulate polarization states of those polarized light beams in accordance with a luminance signal and chrominance signals of video signals, respectively. The modulated light beams are combined by the same polarizing beam splitter, and the combined light is enlarged and projected onto a screen by a projection lens, to reproduce a projected image.

Abstract: An optical processing apparatus utilizing multiple reflections of a light beam between a mask and a reflector has improved uniformity in the distribution of the light beam over a surface of the mask. In one form, the reflector is disposed in a face-to-face relation with respect to the mask with an angle of inclination relative thereto. In another form, the reflector has a flat or curved taper surface for decreasing an angle of reflection of the light beam at the mask surface at an initial stage, and a flat surface disposed in parallel with the mask surface. In a further form, the reflector is curved in a direction of transmission of the light beam. In a yet further form, an angle of incidence of the light beam is properly adjusted such that a portion of the light beam, which is first reflected from the mask and escapes outwardly from the reflector, is minimized.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus for use in LSI production comprises a light source, a light condensing optical system through which light from the light source is condensed and applied to a mask carrying a circuit pattern, a projection lens system which projects the light transmitted through the mask onto the surface of a wafer, and an aperture member which is interposed between the light source and the light condensing optical system. The aperture member has a light transmission region for transmitting the light from the light source and a light-interrupting member disposed to extend across the light transmission region. The shape or configuration of the light-interrupting member is determined in accordance with the geometry of the circuit pattern formed on the mask.

Abstract: A projection aligner includes a light source, a condenser lens system for directing light from the light source onto a mask on which a circuit pattern is formed, a projecting lens system for collecting on the surface of a wafer the light transmitted through the mask, and an aperture member disposed between the light source and the condenser lens system. The aperture member includes a transmitting zone for transmitting light from the light source and a phase shift member for producing a predetermined phase difference between light transmitted through the transmitting zone and light transmitted through a region surrounding the transmitting zone.

Abstract: An optical machining apparatus for irradiating light from a light source onto a source to be machined to form a grooves in the surface. The apparatus uses a mask disposed in the path of light from the light source. The mask includes reflective parts for reflecting the light from the light source. The reflective parts are on a first surface of the mask. The mask also includes a reflection member for returning the light reflected at the reflective parts of the mask toward the mask.

Abstract: A projection aligner includes a light source, a condenser lens system for directing light from the light source onto a mask on which a circuit pattern is formed, a projecting lens system for collecting on the surface of a wafer the light transmitted through the mask, and a pupillary member disposed on a pupillary surface of the projecting lens system. The pupillary member includes at least one transmitting zone for transmitting the light transmitted through the mask including a phase shift member for producing a predetermined phase shift in light transmitted through part of the transmitting zone.

Abstract: A laser device comprises a laser medium, a semiconductor light-emitting element for exciting the laser medium, a reflecting surface surrounding the outer periphery of the laser medium along its optical axis, and an opening provided in a part of the reflecting surface for causing light from the semiconductor light-emitting element to be incident upon the laser medium. The laser device is improved further by providing a polarizing plate and a light guide between the light-emitting element and the laser medium and by deviating the optical axis of excitation light from the central axis of the laser medium.

Abstract: A laser apparatus has a phase regulator for regulating phase of output laser beam is provided, in which a full reflection portion of an output mirror is made partially reflective and a relative optical length thereof to a non-reflection portion of the output mirror is regulated by a relative thickness thereof. In one aspect of the invention, a coating provided on a center portion of an inner surface of an output mirror of a resonator comprises a partially reflective coating and a phase difference between laser beam portions passing through the center portion and a surrounding portion is regulated by a thin membrane having same refraction index as that of a matrix of the output mirror and provided between the matrix and a coating on either surface of the output mirror.