Abstract: A method of making a surgical template used for a computer-guided dental implant surgery includes the steps of: establishing implant planning data of a patient's jaw, producing a digital plaster model of the patient's jaw, allowing the digital plaster model to have the implant planning data, integrating the digital plaster model with the implant planning data to obtain a digital machining data, holding and machining a modeling block at a machining position according to the digital machining data to form a solid jaw model corresponding to the patient's jaw and having teeth, gums, and at least one implant-position indicating structure, mounting a positioning member at the implant-position indicating structure, and producing a negative template body from an assembly of the solid jaw model and the positioning member with a thermoplastic dental material by a molding process or a vacuum forming process.

Abstract: A method of making a surgical template comprises: producing a 3-D geometrical image by a CT scanning performed on a patient's jaw and establishing corresponding implant planning data to obtain a 3-D first digital image, making a positive plaster model of the patient's jaw, scanning the plaster model to obtain a 3-D second digital image, overlapping the second digital image on the first digital image to obtain a computer representation of the plaster model and at least one implant to be mounted according to the implant planning data, drilling the plaster model to form at least one pinhole according to the implant planning data, inserting a pin into the pinhole, producing a negative template body from an assembly of the plaster model and the pin with a thermoplastic dental material so that the negative template body has at least one implant guide hole and constitutes the surgical template.

Abstract: A method of making a surgical template used for a computer-guided dental implant surgery includes the steps of: establishing implant planning data of a patient's jaw, producing a digital plaster model of the patient's jaw, allowing the digital plaster model to have the implant planning data, integrating the digital plaster model with the implant planning data to obtain a digital machining data, holding and machining a modeling block at a machining position according to the digital machining data to form a solid jaw model corresponding to the patient's jaw and having teeth, gums, and at least one implant-position indicating structure, mounting a positioning member at the implant-position indicating structure, and producing a negative template body from an assembly of the solid jaw model and the positioning member with a thermoplastic dental material by a molding process or a vacuum forming process.

Abstract: A bolt and nut combination has a nut assembly and a bolt assembly. The nut assembly has a nut and a washer. The nut has a threaded hole and wedging surfaces. The washer is connected with the nut and has a through hole, inclined surfaces and engaging surfaces. The inclined surfaces are formed continuously on the washer and contacted with the wedging surfaces of the nut. The engaging surfaces are formed on the washer opposite to the inclined surfaces. The bolt assembly is engaged with the nut assembly and has a washer and a bolt. The bolt is screwed with the nut and has a shank, a thread, a head and wedging surfaces. The wedging surfaces are formed below the head and contact respectively with the inclined surfaces in the washer.