Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-path universal asynchronous transceiver (UART) and transmission method thereof. The multi-path UART comprises a first buffer, a second buffer, and a tx aggregation and arbitration circuit respectively coupled to the first buffer and the second buffer and presets a predetermined threshold. The tx aggregation and arbitration circuit polls the first buffer and the second buffer according to the predetermined threshold, and executes an arbitration procedure on the first buffer and the second buffer to obtain at least one of first log information packet and at least one of second log information packet correspondingly. Thus, when inputting a plurality of log sources, it is not necessary to have a plurality of output pins and to avoid disorder caused by the cross-influence of multiple log information for resource conservation and providing log information correctness.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for changing cell range coverage are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include circuitry configured to transmit subframes of radio frames using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where the subframes are divided into first and second sets. The circuitry may include a first power control loop utilized for the first set of subframes and a second power control loop utilized for the second set of subframes. The first power control loop may set transmission power levels for transmission over the PUSCH for the first set of subframes, and the second power control loop may set transmission power levels for transmission over the PUSCH for the second set of subframes. The circuitry may be configured with a first physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for a first eNodeB and a second PUCCH for a second eNodeB to simultaneously communicate with the first and the second eNodeBs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for changing cell range coverage are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include circuitry configured to transmit subframes of radio frames using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where the subframes are divided into first and second sets. The circuitry may include a first power control loop utilized for the first set of subframes and a second power control loop utilized for the second set of subframes. The first power control loop may set transmission power levels for transmission over the PUSCH for the first set of subframes, and the second power control loop may set transmission power levels for transmission over the PUSCH for the second set of subframes. The circuitry may be configured with a first physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for a first eNodeB and a second PUCCH for a second eNodeB to simultaneously communicate with the first and the second eNodeBs.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from Clostiridium difficile infection or its associated symptom includes administering a therapeutic effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor to the subject. A method of inhibiting toxin-induced cytotoxic effect in colon cells includes contacting the colon cells with an effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from Clostiridium difficile infection or its associated symptom includes administering a therapeutic effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor to the subject. A method of inhibiting toxin-induced cytotoxic effect in colon cells includes contacting the colon cells with an effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor.

Abstract: Techniques for inter-cell interference cancellation are disclosed. At each transmitter, the data (message) may split into two or more layers, (e.g., common and private parts), and may be encoded in different rates, allocated with different powers, possibly beamformed using different precoders, and transmitted through the same physical channels. The common part is to be decoded at both the intended and unintended users, while the private part is to be decoded at the intended user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of reducing interference in space frequency block coding (SFBC) communication are disclosed. SFBC encoding is performed on at least one pair of symbols. The symbols are assigned to subcarriers in accordance with a frequency assignment pattern assigned to a cell. Different frequency assignment patterns are assigned to neighboring cells. Cells in the network may be divided into a plurality of groups and a different frequency assignment pattern may be assigned to each group of cells. The frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are interlaced to subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in a neighbor cell. Alternatively, the frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are shifted in a neighbor cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of reducing interference in space frequency block coding (SFBC) communication are disclosed. SFBC encoding is performed on at least one pair of symbols. The symbols are assigned to subcarriers in accordance with a frequency assignment pattern assigned to a cell. Different frequency assignment patterns are assigned to neighboring cells. Cells in the network may be divided into a plurality of groups and a different frequency assignment pattern may be assigned to each group of cells. The frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are interlaced to subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in a neighbor cell. Alternatively, the frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are shifted in a neighbor cell.

Abstract: Techniques for inter-cell interference cancellation are disclosed. At each transmitter, the data (message) may split into two or more layers, (e.g., common and private parts), and may be encoded in different rates, allocated with different powers, possibly beamformed using different precoders, and transmitted through the same physical channels. The common part is to be decoded at both the intended and unintended users, while the private part is to be decoded at the intended user.

Abstract: A client station in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system includes a beam commutation algorithm and a smart antenna responsive to the beam commutation algorithm for selecting one of a plurality of directional antenna beams. The smart antenna is configured as a virtual omni-directional antenna by using a commutation of switched directional antenna beams. A switched directional antenna system that performs a commutation sequencing can be blind to environmental conditions and changes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of reducing interference in space frequency block coding (SFBC) communication are disclosed. SFBC encoding is performed on at least one pair of symbols. The symbols are assigned to subcarriers in accordance with a frequency assignment pattern assigned to a cell. Different frequency assignment patterns are assigned to neighboring cells. Cells in the network may be divided into a plurality of groups and a different frequency assignment pattern may be assigned to each group of cells. The frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are interlaced to subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in a neighbor cell. Alternatively, the frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are shifted in a neighbor cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of reducing interference in space frequency block coding (SFBC) communication are disclosed. SFBC encoding is performed on at least one pair of symbols. The symbols are assigned to subcarriers in accordance with a frequency assignment pattern assigned to a cell. Different frequency assignment patterns are assigned to neighboring cells. Cells in the network may be divided into a plurality of groups and a different frequency assignment pattern may be assigned to each group of cells. The frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are interlaced to subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in a neighbor cell. Alternatively, the frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are shifted in a neighbor cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for precoding validation in wireless communications with reduced error probability is disclosed. Error probability is reduced by applying phase rotations to precoding matrices, dedicated pilot symbols, or both to maximize a minimum pairwise distance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of reducing interference in space frequency block coding (SFBC) communication are disclosed. SFBC encoding is performed on at least one pair of symbols. The symbols are assigned to subcarriers in accordance with a frequency assignment pattern assigned to a cell. Different frequency assignment patterns are assigned to neighboring cells. Cells in the network may be divided into a plurality of groups and a different frequency assignment pattern may be assigned to each group of cells. The frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are interlaced to subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in a neighbor cell. Alternatively, the frequency assignment pattern may be defined such that subcarriers mapped to a pair of symbols in one cell are shifted in a neighbor cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system are disclosed. A transmitter transmits at least two data packets via two or more antennas. If at least one of the data packets is not successfully transmitted, the transmitter retransmits the data packets while rearranging the data packets in an orthogonal spreading manner. Alternatively, the transmitter may retransmit only the unsuccessfully transmitted data packet along with a new data packet which replaces a successfully transmitted data packet. The unsuccessfully transmitted data packet may simply be repeated without changing its format. When only the unsuccessfully transmitted data packet is retransmitted along with the new data packet, the transmissions may be combined to recover the retransmitted data packet and the new data packet simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for improving packet transmission and reducing latency in VoIP over WLAN using switched beam antennas having multiple directional antenna beams are disclosed. In an access point having a switched beam antenna, or other smart antenna system, the present invention extends the coverage area of an access point for authentication and association of a new WTRU, extends the access points coverage area during in session transmissions with a WTRU, and adjusts data rates. The method also controls Contention Period (CP)/Contention Free Period (CFP) timing amongst beams emanating from an access point having a switched beam antenna, or other smart antenna system. Fast diversity switching, frame level switching, lowered data rates, and scanning multiple directional antenna beams for the optimum transmission beam are disclosed to improve beam selection and packet transmission.

Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver includes a MIMO decoder, a pre-scaling unit, a demapper, and a post-scaling unit. The MIMO decoder performs a MIMO decoding on received signals to decouple a plurality of symbols transmitted via a plurality of data streams. Both pre-demapping scaling and post-demapping scaling are performed to improve the performance of the receiver. A pre-scaling coefficient is applied to the symbols by the pre-scaling unit to generate pre-scaled symbols. The pre-scaled symbols are converted to soft bits by the demapper. The post-scaling unit then applies a post-scaling coefficient to the soft bits. The post-scaling coefficient is a signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR). Cross interference is taken into account in post-demapping scaling to obtain more accurate soft bits for subsequent decoding. The present invention is applicable to both a multi-carrier system, (such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)), and a single carrier system.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and system for performing bit-interleaved coded modulation and iterative decoding. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter encodes incoming bits to generate coded bits, punctures the coded bits in accordance with a predetermined puncturing pattern to generate surviving channel bits and stolen bits and interleaves the surviving bits into interleaved surviving bits. The interleaved surviving bits are mapped to channel symbols and the stolen bits are interleaved to generate interleaved stolen bits. At least one of a plurality of antennas is selected to transmit the channel symbols based on the value of the interleaved stolen bits. The receiver receives the transmitted channel symbols, estimates a posteriori probability for both the channel symbols and the stolen bits, and retrieves information of the stolen bits by determining the selected antenna used to transmit the channel symbols.

Abstract: A wireless communications device includes an encoder having an input for receiving an input symbol, and generates based upon the input symbol a channel symbol and an antenna control symbol. At least one transmitter is coupled to the encoder for receiving the channel symbol. An antenna switch is coupled to the encoder for receiving the antenna control symbol, and to the at least one transmitter for receiving the channel symbol to be transmitted. An antenna array is coupled to the antenna switch and includes N antenna elements, with N?2. The antenna switch selects less than N antenna elements based upon the antenna control symbol for transmitting the channel symbol.

Abstract: A mobile communication device may transmit a signal using a plurality of antenna elements, the signals differing by a transmit diversity parameter, e.g., a phase difference. The mobile communication device may receive a quality-indication signal from a basestation, e.g., a power control bit or signal. A sequence of the power control bits or signals may be used to provide feedback to the mobile communication device to determine a change in a transmit diversity parameter.