Abstract: This application provides methods and apparatuses, and relates to the field of communication technologies, A method includes a first network element receives a first message from an access network device, where the first message includes identification information of a terminal, identifies a terminal type, and if the terminal type is a first terminal type, sends the identification information of the terminal to an application server, or if the terminal type is a second terminal type, triggers an authentication procedure of the terminal.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: A first communication apparatus receives a first request, where the first request indicates the first communication apparatus to obtain information about a first tag. The first communication apparatus obtains the information about the first tag based on the first request, where the information about the first tag includes an identifier of the first tag. According to the method, after obtaining the information about the first tag, the first communication apparatus determines the corresponding first communication session for the information about the first tag, so that it can be ensured that the first communication apparatus can effectively and accurately transmit the information about the first tag by using the first communication session.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided, to support data transmission over a multi-access session through multiple 3GPP paths or multiple non-3GPP paths. Access technologies corresponding to a first transmission path and a second transmission path in the multi-access session are of a same access type. A session management device sends, to a mobility management device, tunnel information and access technology information that correspond to the transmission paths, where the access technology is used to determine an access network device. The mobility management device determines the access network device based on the access technology information, and sends the tunnel information to the access network device.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to provide a non-3GPP path switching solution in a multi-access session. The method includes: A session management device determines to perform non-3GPP transmission path switching in a multi-access session, where the multi-access session includes at least two non-3GPP transmission paths; and the session management device sends a first offloading rule to a user plane device, where the first offloading rule is for supporting the user plane device in determining a first target transmission path from at least two non-3GPP transmission paths. According to the method, when it is determined to perform non-3GPP path switching, UE and a UPF can select, in a switching process based on a new offloading rule, an appropriate path from a plurality of non-3GPP access paths for data transmission, to ensure service continuity during session switching.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and provides an access network device determining method and an apparatus, to resolve may fail to access, when requesting to access a network through the non-3GPP access network device, a network slice that the terminal device requests to access. The method includes: The terminal device sends a first message to a mobility management device through a first access network device, where the first message includes an identifier of at least one network slice, and indicates a request for accessing the network slice; receives a second message through the first access network device or a second access network device, where the second message includes information about the second access network device, and indicates that the second access network device supports one or more of the at least one network slice; and establishes a connection to the second access network device.

Abstract: A communication method and an apparatus to reduce signaling overheads in a registration process of a terminal device. The method includes: receiving a registration request from a read/write device, sending a transmission request to an application network element, and notifying the read/write device of a registration success. The registration request includes identification information of the terminal device, the registration request is used to request to register the identification information with a network, the transmission request includes the identification information, and the transmission request is used to request to transmit the identification information to the application network element.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a terminal management method and a core network device. The method includes: A first core network device receives a first message from a terminal. When determining, based on quantity information, to allow the terminal to access the network, the first core network device sends a second message to an operation requester to which the terminal belongs. The quantity information includes a quantity of terminals that the operation requester is allowed to use, the second message includes first identification information. In embodiments of this application, the first core network device determines to allow the terminal to access the network, so that a quantity of terminals accessing the network among terminals corresponding to the operation requester can be prevented from being greater than or equal to the quantity of terminals that the operation requester is allowed to use.

Abstract: This application provides an access network device selection method and an apparatus. In the method, the terminal device may indicate, to a DNS through one or more of first indication information, second indication information, and at least one GIN, whether the terminal device needs to support external authentication. Therefore, when selecting the non-3GPP access network device for the terminal device, the DNS may consider one or more of the first indication information, the second indication information, and the at least one GIN, to select the proper non-3GPP access network device for the terminal device based on the indication of the terminal device. For example, when the terminal device supports external authentication or needs to support external authentication, the DNS may select, for the terminal device, a non-3GPP access network device capable of performing external authentication.

Abstract: A terminal management method and an apparatus, to implement management of terminals. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, a first instruction used to perform a first operation on one or more terminals, and determining, according to a management rule, whether performance of the first operation is allowed, and/or determining a target terminal to be subjected to the first operation. The solution is applicable to the field of communication technologies, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, the internet of vehicles, smart homes, or the like.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: An access network element receives first indication information from a session management function network element, and activates a congestion acquisition function of the access network element based on the first indication information, where the congestion acquisition function is for obtaining a congestion status of the access network element in a data flow transmission process of a target service. The access network element obtains the congestion status of the access network element, and sends first congestion information to a terminal device or a user plane function network element to indicate the congestion status of the access network element. In this application, the access network element sends, to the user plane function network element or the terminal device, the first congestion information indicating the congestion status of the access network element.

Abstract: This application provides a network access method. The method includes: obtaining location information corresponding to a service subscribed to by a first terminal device; obtaining a location of the first terminal device; determining, based on the location of the first terminal device and the location information, that the first terminal device is located in an area indicated by the location information; and sending first indication information to the first terminal device, where the first indication information indicates to access a hosting network, and the hosting network is used to provide the first terminal device with a connection for obtaining the service. According to the method, when it is determined that a terminal device is located in an area indicated by location information corresponding to a service, the terminal device is indicated to access a hosting network, so that the terminal device accesses the hosting network and obtains the service.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A first core network device receives first information from an operation requester, where the first information indicates at least one of the following: an area in which a first operation is to be performed or a target tag on which the first operation is to be performed, and the first information is used to determine a first target reader; and the first core network device sends second information to the first target reader based on the first information, where the second information indicates the first target reader to perform the first operation. According to the communication method and apparatus provided in this application, a core network device manages readers and tags in passive internet of things, so as to reduce operation and maintenance costs of maintaining two types of networks by an enterprise, and consume fewer network resources.

Abstract: This application provides a method for performing onboarding. The method includes: A first core network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that a terminal device performs onboarding, the first core network device is a core network device that serves the terminal device after the terminal device performs handover, and the first core network device supports an onboarding function. The first core network device performs onboarding on the terminal device based on the first information. According to the solutions of this application, after the terminal device performs handover, a core network device that serves the terminal device is the first core network device, and the first core network device supports the onboarding function. Therefore, according to the solutions of this application, the first core network device may continue to perform onboarding on the terminal device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and a communication device. The communication method includes: A mobility management device obtains first information of a terminal device, where the first information includes a home network identifier and/or a routing indicator that are/is of the terminal device, the first information indicates the mobility management device to select a second authentication device of a second network, a credential of the terminal device belongs to the second network, and the second authentication device is not deployed in the second network. The mobility management device selects a first authentication device based on the first information, where the first authentication device and the mobility management device belong to a first network. According to the method, in this application, the terminal device can be enabled to perform authentication when the second authentication device is not deployed in the second network.

Abstract: A data flow detection method and an apparatus. A user plane function network element receives first indication information, and performs in-situ flow information telemetry on a data flow of a terminal device based on the first indication information. Detection is performed based on a real data packet, and additional data traffic is able to not be simulated.

Abstract: An access network device obtains first information, where the access network device supports a 3rd generation partnership project 3GPP access technology; the access network device establishes a user plane connection to a first terminal device based on the first information; and the access network device obtains user plane data of the first terminal device via the user plane connection, and sends the user plane data to a first fixed network gateway device.

Abstract: This application provides a method for performing onboarding. The method includes: A first core network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that a terminal device performs onboarding, the first core network device is a core network device that serves the terminal device after the terminal device performs handover, and the first core network device supports an onboarding function. The first core network device performs onboarding on the terminal device based on the first information. According to the solutions of this application, after the terminal device performs handover, a core network device that serves the terminal device is the first core network device, and the first core network device supports the onboarding function. Therefore, according to the solutions of this application, the first core network device may continue to perform onboarding on the terminal device.

Abstract: This application describes examples of a tag locating method and system, and a related apparatus. In one example, a first network element sends first indication information to a location management function network element, where both the first network element and the location management function network element are network elements in a core network. The location management function network element obtains, based on the first indication information, a result of locating a first tag, and determines location information of the first tag based on the result of locating the first tag. The first network element obtains the location information of the first tag from the location management function network element.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and apparatuses for tag management. In an example method, a first mobility management function receives a registration request message sent by an access network device. The registration request message requests to register a tag in a core network. The first mobility management function obtains identification information of a second mobility management function from a unified data management function based on the registration request message. The second mobility management function stores context information of the tag. The first mobility management function obtains the context information of the tag from the second mobility management function.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a packet transmission method and a related apparatus. An access network device receives a first packet from an Internet-of-things (IoT) function network element; the access network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that the first packet includes a passive or semi-active IoT instruction; and the access network device performs a passive or semi-active IoT operation based on the first packet. According to the foregoing method, the access network device learns that the packet from the IoT function network element is related to a passive or semi-active internet of things, and the access network device performs the passive or semi-active IoT operation based on the first packet. This resolves a packet transmission problem in a scenario in which a passive or semi-active IoT system is converged with a cellular network.