Abstract: A method and an apparatus for demodulation with adaptive phase control in quasi-coherent detection, capable of compensating detection phase error due to the initial phase error and the frequency error at high speed and high quality, without a complicated circuit configuration and a significant delay. In the apparatus, a frequency error in the modulated complex input signals is estimated by using a phase variation during one symbol due to the frequency error according to the modulated complex input signals and the demodulated complex signals for present and immediately previous symbols; an initial phase error in the modulated complex input signals is estimated according to the modulated complex input signals, the demodulated complex signals, and the estimated frequency error; and the demodulated complex signals are obtained by applying optimum phase compensation determined according to the estimated frequency error and the estimated initial phase error, to the modulated complex input signals.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for providing an antistatic layer containing a water-soluble conductive polymer and a curing agent on a plastic film by coating, which comprises coating an aqueous processing solution containing the water-soluble conductive polymer and the curing agent on the plastic film to have a pH of the surface of the antistatic layer after drying the plastic layer of 8.5 or less and 2.5 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antistatic layer for a plastic film comprising a reaction product of a polystyrenesulfonic acid type water-soluble conductive polymer, amide group-containing hydrophobic polymer particles and a curing agent.

Abstract: An engine for an FFV has an alcohol concentration sensor provided in a fuel system for sensing concentration of alcohol in fuel, and an EGR valve provided between an exhaust port and an intake passage of the engine for controlling an EGR ratio. The EGR ratio is increased with an increase of the alcohol concentration, and increased in an intermediate engine load range other than that of other engine load ranges.

Abstract: An automatic transmission has a lockup clutch for a torque converter. Concentration of alcohol is detected by an alcohol concentration sensor. The lockup clutch is engaged at a lower vehicle speed when the alcohol concentration detected by the alcohol concentration sensor is higher than a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antistatic layer for a plastic film having an antistatic layer comprising a reaction product of a water-soluble conductive polymer, a hydrophobic latex and an epoxy type hardener, characterized in that said hydrophobic latex comprises a hydrophobic polymer having at least one of an alkylene oxide chain and an amide group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plastic film comprising a support and an antistatic layer, provided thereon, comprising a reaction product of a water-soluble electroconductive polymer, hydrophobic polymer particles and a hardening agent, characterized in that the hydrophobic polymer particles are stabilized by a surfactant having at least five ethylene oxide chains.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for an alcohol engine is upshifted in accordance with one of first and second shift patterns. The transmission is upshifted at a higher vehicle speed in accordance with the first shift pattern, and the transmission is upshifted at a lower vehicle speed by the second shift pattern. Concentration of the alcohol is detected by an alcohol concentration sensor. The second shift pattern is provided when the detected alcohol concentration is higher than a reference value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plastic film comprising a support and an antistatic layer, provided thereon, comprising a reaction product of a water-soluble electroconductive polymer, hydrophobic polymer particles and a curing agent, characterized in that the hydrophobic polymer has a polyalkylene oxide chain.

Abstract: A plastic film with an antistatic layer and a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using the film as the support are disclosed. The antistatic layer comprises a water-soluble electric conductive polymer and particles of a hydrophobic polymer, and hardened with a hardening agent. The hydrophobic polymer has an N-methylol or its derivative group, an amino group, an epoxy group, an aziridine group, an active methylene group, a sulfinic acid group, an aldehyde group, a vinylsulfonyl group or a blocked isocyanate group. A silver halide photographic material using the film having the inventive antistatic layer is excellent in layer adhesion and sufficiently protected from static charge even after processing.

Abstract: In Trellis coded modulation system in which an input digital signal in parallel form is encoded by a convolutional encoder which adds an additional bit to the input digital signal for error correction purpose, and a mapping circuit designated amplitude and phase for each symbol for QAM signal, the number of parallel bits at output of said convolutional encoder is the same as the number of parallel bits of an input digital signal. An input digital signal is first rate converted so that m+n bits in every T period is converted to m bits in every T' period, where T'=(m/(m+n)).T. The convolutional encoder adds n number of bits so that the total number of parallel bits is m+n, which is applied to the mapping circuit. In a receive side, a received signal having m+n bits in every T' period is decoded through an error correction decoder which provides m bits in every T' period, then, the decoded signal is rate converted to m+n bits in every T period.

Abstract: A word synchronization system which receives signals with error corrections codes to calculate a syndrome indicative of a synchronization of an intial phase. The initial phase is changed when the calculated syndrome is not zero, and the syndrome is recalculated. This operation is repeated until the particular syndrome becomes zero for the sequence of M times (or the number of testing stages). A synchronization slip detecting circuit judges a slip out of synchronization without the necessity to wait for the repetition of the state for M times, to thereby enable prompt phase resetting or synchronization establishment.

Abstract: In order to prevent a sudden kickback through the steering wheel which tends to occur when an electrically powered steering motor is de-energized and the vehicle tires are distorted by steering a low speeds and act as springs which cause the steering shaft to suddenly rotate in the reverse direction to that induced by the motor immediately before the de-energization, a circuit is provided which upon a manually operable switch which controls the power supply being moved to an open position, continues to supply a gradually decreasing level of power to the motor control circuit so that in the event that the driver is still applying a torque to the steering wheel, the motor produces a gradually reducing torque which allows the tire distortion to be relieved slowly and obviate any shock to the driver via the steering wheel.

Abstract: An input multi-level amplitude signal of 2.sup.M levels is supplied via a DC level controller to an AD converter for conversion into an N-bit (N being an integer greater than M) digital signal, and M high-order bits of the digital signal are provided as decided outputs. It is decided by a decision means whether a deviation of the DC level of the multi-level amplitude signal at the input side of the AD converter is in excess of a predetermined value. When the deviation of the DC level is decided less than the predetermined value, the outputs of bits less significant than the Mth bit in the digital signal are integrated for input as a DC level control signal into the DC level controller, correcting the deviation of the DC level.

Abstract: In a selective light-transmitting laminated structure comprising (a) a laminate composed of a transparent substrate and formed on at least one surface of the substrate, a thin metallic layer and/or a thin metal oxide layer, if required in combination with a thin film layer having a high refractive index, and (b) a protective layer composed mainly of a polymer having structural units of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, as main structural units, the improvement wherein a urethan linkage exists in the interface between the laminate (a) and the protective layer (b).

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin film laminate. A thermoplastic film is made abrasion-resistant by coating or laminating (A) one or both sides of a thermoplastic resin film with (B) a vinyl polymer composed mainly of a cyanurate ring-containing (meth)cyanurate having a structure corresponding to the condensation product of 1 mole of cyanuric acid with 3 moles, on the average, of a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate represented by the formula C H.sub.2 .dbd.CR--COO--R.sup.10 --OH (wherein R is hydrogen atom or methyl group; and R.sup.10 is an alkylene group having a carbon number of 2 to 4), or a cyanurate ring-containing (meth)acrylate having a structure corresponding to the condensation product of 1 mole of cyanuric acid with 2 moles or more and less than 3 moles, on the average, of the above hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and not more than 0.5 mole, on the average, of a polyhydric alcohol of the formula R.sup.20 --(--OH).sub.y (wherein R.sup.

Abstract: The invention involves a novel melamine group-containing (meth)acrylate, e.g. hexakis(2-acryloyloxypropyl)melamine, hexakis(2-acryloyloxyethyl)melamine, etc., and its polymer. Said (meth)acrylate has excellent reactivity and storage stability, and said polymer has excellent dimensional stability, durabilities (especially water resistance and moisture resistance) and surface hardness, and is useful as a molded product and a coating layer of a molded resin article. For example, a polyester film coated with said polymer has excellent adhesivity, flexibility and dimensional stability as well as high abrasion resistance, and can be used to a wide variety of uses as an abrasion resistant film.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein m represents zero or 1, which comprises reacting azobenzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid in two steps, wherein(1) the first-step reaction is carried out under the following conditions0<x.ltoreq.80,0<y.ltoreq.11, and-0.3x+12.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.-0.22x+22wherein x is the reaction temperature in .degree.C., and y is the weight ratio of sulfuric acid to water and fed into the reaction system, and(2) the second-step reaction is carried out under the following conditions0.ltoreq.x, and-(1.7/100)x+1.7.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.-(3.9/88)x+3.9.