Abstract: The liquid crystal is written with a laser beam. The laser beam generated by a laser source is applied through an optical control unit such as galvanometer mirrors to the liquid crystal. The intensity of the laser beam applied to the liquid crystal is controlled by a laser beam intensity varying unit. A writing control unit controls the mechanical displacement caused by the optical axis control unit and controls the laser beam intensity varying unit. The laser beam energy applied to the liquid crystal can be maintained constant, thus enabling a constant written line width even during acceleration and deceleration of the optical axis control unit.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, light transmitting through a liquid crystal layer is colored depending on the structural conditions of the liquid crystal display device. The phase of the transmission light is corrected by means of a phase correction plate to make the transmission light approximate achromatic color, thereby permitting monochromatic display or color display.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a projector having an arrangement of polarizers and liquid crystal cells aligned on the axis of light in the order a first color polarizer colored in red, a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second color polarizer colored in a green, a third twisted nematic liquid, a neutral polarizer and Guest-Host type colored in blue. Since, according to this, a polarizer having inferior color characteristics can be replaced by a Guest-Host type liquid crystal cell, the excitation purity and the scope of color reproduction are improved. Further, since the mixture of color is additive, the brightness of the reproduced color is also much improved.

Abstract: The liquid crystal is written with a laser beam. The laser beam generated by a laser source is applied through an optical control unit such as galvanometer mirrors to the liquid crystal. The intensity of the laser beam applied to the liquid crystal is controlled by a laser beam intensity varying unit. A writing control unit controls the mechanical displacement caused by the optical axis control unit and controls the laser beam intensity varying unit. The laser beam energy applied to the liquid crystal can be maintained constant, thus enabling a constant written line width even during acceleration and deceleration of the optical axis control unit.

Abstract: An information holding device comprising a pair of substrates whose opposing surfaces are formed with electrodes on one side and electrodes on the other side so that they may oppose and that opposing parts between the electrodes on the one side and those on the other side may form a matrix as a whole, a dielectric which is held between said pair of substrates, means to change a capacitance of the dielectric in any desired one of the opposing parts, and detection means to simultaneously detect the capacitances of at least two of the opposing parts between the electrodes on the one side and those on the other side.

Abstract: In a method of driving a liquid crystal element constituted by interposing a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal between electrodes, a driving method of a liquid crystal element having a memory property characterized in that a first voltage signal the absolute value of a peak value of which is less than a predetermined value is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal in order to keep a light transmission state of said liquid crystal element, and a second voltage signal the absolute value of a peak value of which is over the predetermined value is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal in order to change the light transmission state of the liquid crystal element.

Abstract: An information input/output display device comprising a dielectric which is held in a portion between one electrode and the other electrode opposite to each other and which has at least a first state and a second state of unequal capacitances, means to change the capacitance of the dielectric, capacitance holding means to hold at least temporarily a value of the capacitance of the dielectric in the first state, and means to compare the value of the capacitance of the dielectric with the value of the capacitance held by the capacitance holding means, whereby information can be read out without being affected by fluctuations in a distance d between the electrodes or/and in an ambient temperature T.

Abstract: An information holding device comprises a pair of substrates having a first electrode and a second electrode oppositely formed on opposing surfaces thereof, and a dielectric material held between the pair of substrates. A capacitance of the dielectric material between the first and second electrodes is changed and a voltage varying with time is applied to the dielectric. A displacement current flowing through the dielectric is then detected.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a thermal writing type liquid crystal, an electrode for generating heat necessary for said thermal writing, and a support for supporting said liquid crystal and said electrode, wherein a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion lying between the coefficient of thermal expansion of said electrode and that of said support is arranged between said electrode and said support, whereby said electrode for generating heat can be prevented from being degraded by failure or peeling from the support due to thermal stress.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises an optical device having an optically functional material sandwiched between a pair of substrates with electrodes formed on opposing surfaces. The optically functional material has such a characteristic that intensity of light issuing from the optical device changes asymmetrically in response to inversion of the polarity of an applied external field. Pulse voltages of one polarity for determining the intensity of the issuing light and pulse voltages of an opposite polarity are applied from a source at a predetermined period so that an average voltage is zeroed within the predetermied period. The issuing light intensity under the application of the pulse voltages of one polarity and the issuing light intensity under the application of the other pulse voltages are selected or changed by a switching unit.

Abstract: A driving method for an optical printer and an optical printer having a liquid-crystal light switching element including a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of plates provided with electrodes on adjacent surfaces thereof. The liquid-crystal light switching element is disposed between a light source and a movable photosensitive surface and controlled so as to at least one of transmit and block light from the light source to the photosensitive surface for enabling a printing operation. Voltages v.sub.1 and v.sub.2 are applied to the liquid-crystal switching element substantially in accordance with the equation ##EQU1## and the intensity of light from the light source incident on the liquid-crystal switching element is controlled so that incident light intensity during a period T.sub.2 is weaker than the incident light intensity during a period T.sub.1, where t.sub.0, t.sub.1, t.sub.2 and t.sub.3 represents times, T.sub.1 (=t.sub.1 -t.sub.

Abstract: An information holding device comprises a pair of substrates having a first electrode and a second electrode oppositely formed on opposing surfaces thereof, and a dielectric material disposed between the pair of substrates. A capacitance of a dielectric material portion disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed and detected.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal element including a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates having electrodes on their opposite surfaces is disclosed. A pulse voltage for defining the light transmitting state of the liquid crystal element is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal. Before and/or after the application of the pulse voltage, the ferroelectric liquid crystal is applied with a voltage signal which renders the average value of voltages applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal equal to zero.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device wherein a nematic liquid crystal to which a dichroic dye and an optically active substance have been added is used as the liquid crystal layer and the amount of said optically active substance added is so selected as to fall in a range making steep the threshold voltage characteristics of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for driving a guest-host type phase transition liquid crystal in matrix is disclosed in which X and Y electrodes in matrix comprising a guest-host liquid crystal made by adding a pleochroic dye to the cholesteric-nematic phase transition liquid crystal or chiralnematic phase transition liquid crystal are impressed with an X electrode selecting voltage, an X electrode non-selecting voltage, a Y electrode selecting voltage and a Y electrode non-selecting voltage selectively thereby to apply a holding voltage for holding the display condition of the liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal display elements and a write-in voltage for new write-in. The region where the display condition is to be erased is designated in the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a matrix type display panel which includes a phase transition liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of electrode groups arranged in the form of a matrix and including at least one transparent electrode group, and employs intersecting portions of said electrode groups as display segments for displaying information by driving one electrode group with the one-line-at-a-time scanning system; wherein a write-in voltage signal having a sufficient root mean square value for the phase transition of the liquid crystal layer and an erasing voltage substantially equal to OV are employed to drive the panel, and segments just subjected to scanning are applied with the write-in voltage signal when information is written in the segments and are applied with the erasing voltage when information written in the segments is erased.

Abstract: A driving device for a matrix-type display panel using a guest-host type liquid crystal made by adding a pleochroic dye to a nematic-cholesteric phase transition liquid crystal or a chiralnematic phase transition liquid crystal is disclosed in which the display plane of a display panel is divided into a plurality of blocks in such a manner that each block includes a plurality of scanning lines, that is, a plurality of regions are formed, only one of the regions is selected to be used a scanning region, the one-line-at-a-time scanning operation is repeated many times in the scanning region in order to write and display information to perfection, and the regions are selected successively and cyclically to be used as the scanning region.

Abstract: A guest-host liquid crystal display device is disclosed which undergoes a focalconic-homeotropic phase transition. The device has a guest-host material layer including (a) a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, (b) an optically active material for putting the nematic liquid crystal in a cholesteric condition, and (c) a pleochroic dye, and has an electrode means for establishing an electric field in the material layer in order that the material layer undergoes the phase transition from the cholesteric condition to the homeotropic condition. Liquid crystal molecules in contact with the surface of the electrode are oriented with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the electrode surface, with an orientation treatment carried out in the electrode surface or by an orientation film provided on the electrode surface. Thus, the material layer assumes the focalconic condition in the absence of the electric field. A chiralnematic compound is employed as the optically active material.

Abstract: A display data synthesizer circuit is used for a display panel having a multiplicity of display elements selectively excited for display of the desired pattern of characters or symbols. The display elements are divided into a plurality of sections which are sequentially driven and in driving each section, selected display elements of that section are excited simultaneously for a predetermined period of time, by sequentially synthesizing and holding the display data for the respective sections in the order of the driving operations thereof. The circuit includes a series output shift register and a parallel output shift register. The series output shift register stores a plurality of bits included in a display data for one section, applied thereto bit-serially at a first repetitive speed, and outputs the stored data at a second repetitive speed higher than the first repetitive speed.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal element including a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates having electrodes on their opposite surfaces is disclosed. A pulse voltage for defining the light transmitting state of the liquid crystal element is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal. Before and/or after the application of the pulse voltage, the ferroelectric liquid crystal is applied with a voltage signal which renders the average value of voltages applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal equal to zero.