Abstract: A liquid crystal color projection display apparatus having a projection light source, a plurality of liquid crystal display elements for separately modulating lights of a plurality of colors from the projection light source and an optical projection system for projecting light to a projection screen, wherein a liquid crystal and polymer composite put between a pair of substrates each equipped with an electrode is used as the liquid crystal display element, in which a liquid crystal material is dispersed and held in a polymer matrix and the refractive index of the polymer matrix substantially agrees with the ordinary light refractive index (n.sub.o) of the liquid crystal material used, a dichroic mirror is used for color splitting or color synthesis and the dependence of dichroic mirror's spectral characteristics upon the state of polarization is decreased. Clear color images of high purity and excellent hue can be obtained. Size and the cost of the liquid crystal display apparatus can be reduced.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display element comprising an active matrix substrate having an active element for each electrode for picture element, a counter electrode substrate provided with a counter electrode and a liquid crystal polymer composite material in which a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is dispersed and held in a polymer matrix, said liquid crystal polymer composite material being held between the active matrix substrate and the counter electrode substrate wherein the refractive index of the polymer matrix substantially agrees with the ordinary refractive index (n.sub.0) of the liquid crystal used, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the nematic liquid crystal used is 0.18 or higher, and the average particle diameter R(.mu.m) of the liquid crystal dispersed and held in the polymer matrix, the aspect ratio A in average of liquid crystal particles, and the specific dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon., the elastic constant K33(10.

Abstract: An input incoherent optical image to be supplied to a microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) is produced by a CRT in accordance with an input electric signal provided from a computer. An output coherent optical image is read-out by launching a laser beam into an electro-optic material incorporated in the MSLM which stores the input image as a refractive index distribution.

Abstract: A transparent-scattering type optical device which includes a transparent-scattering type optical element having a layer of transparent-scattering mode optical material whose light scattering characteristics are changed in response to an external input; at least one prism having a bottom surface which is attached to an end portion of the transparent-scattering type optical element, and where the prism has a longitudinal cross section of a shape which is either triangular or triangular with a top portion cut away. A pair of angles formed by two opposite sides of the prism and the bottom surface are between 65.degree. and 90.degree. inclusive where one of the two angles is not equal to 90.degree.. A light absorbing face is formed from an area of the prism surface defined by portions of the two opposite sides of the prism nearest to the top.

Abstract: A voltage detector comprises a light modulator which employs an electro-optic material whose refractive index changes according to the voltage developing in an object to be measured. A transparent anti-reflection film having a refractive index and thickness which are predetermined on the bases of a refractive index of the electro-optic material and a wavelength of incident light is formed on both light entrance and exit surfaces of the electro-optic material.

Abstract: A spatial light modulating device has a light modulating means which comprises a substrate which is transparent with respect to readout light and whose first surface is coated with a first transparent conductive film, an electro-optic crystal plate whose first surface being opposed to the first surface of the substrate is coated with a second transparent conductive film, an adhesive layer for bonding the substrate and the electro-optic crystal plate, and conductive substances disposed in the adhesive layer so as to electrically connect the first and second transparent conductive films.

Abstract: An optical joint for joining a first light transmissive material to a second light transmissive material. The joint comprises a transparent adhesive layer between the first and second materials, and an antireflection film between each of the first and second materials and the adhesive layer. The joint prevents Fresnel reflection which would otherwise occur between the light transmissive materials.

Abstract: A crystal structure arrangement used in a spatial light modulator wherein an electrooptic crystal structure faces an electron beam source, such as a photocathode or an electron gun, within a vacuum envelope. Electrons emitted from the electron beam source in response to an image or image signal source are stored on the surface of the electrooptic crystal structure to form a charge image thereon and then to change the refractive index of the electrooptic crystal structure corresponding to the stored charge image. The refractive index change is read out using a laser beam or incandescent light beam.

Abstract: Improved spatial light modulators, each consisting of an electron beam source formed within a vacuum envelope, i.e., a photoelectric layer; and a electro-optical crystal to store electrons emitted from the electron beam source as a charge to change the optical refraction index thereof. The charge storage surface of the electro-optical crystal constitutes a dielectric multilayer mirror or a specific dielectric film layer whose surface resistance is high and stable enough to store the charge in a high vacuum of 10.sup.-7 torr at an elevated temperature of 350.degree. C.