Abstract: A camera is covered with a camera housing. The camera and the camera housing form a shooting window portion of a double structure having a clearance. A blowing tunnel communicated with the clearance of the shooting window portion is arranged on each of both sides of the shooting window portion. A blower sends a wind to the shooting window portion through the blowing tunnel. Further, a heater for heating the air sent to the shooting window portion is arranged in the blowing tunnel. Thus, dew condensation preventing ability can be improved by such a construction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, an image forming member, a transferer, a toner image detector, and a controller. The transferer transfers the toner image from the image carrier directly or indirectly onto a recording medium transported by a surface moving member. The toner image detector detects a test toner image formed in a test toner image detection area located at an end portion of the surface moving member. The controller checks a length of the recording medium in a main scanning direction during continuous image formation, and forms the test toner image either in a space between recording media when the length of the recording medium exceeds a length of the surface moving member minus a length of the test toner image detection area in the main scanning direction or otherwise in parallel to the toner image transferred onto the recording medium.

Abstract: A surface moving body includes an endless surface that is capable of making an endless movement. A surface-moving-body drive mechanism includes a driving source of a driving force for moving the surface moving body and a drive transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force from the driving source to the surface moving body. At least a part of the surface-moving-body drive mechanism is arranged in a surface-moving-body occupying space surrounded by two surfaces defined by ends of the endless surface in a width direction orthogonal to a surface moving direction of the endless surface and the endless surface.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an electric resistance member of an image forming apparatus which can maintain good image quality, without the occurrence of transfer defects such as insufficient transfer, even in a long-term use. An intermediate transfer belt of the image forming apparatus, which is evaluated based on a fluctuation characteristic of the resistivity in a period of continuous voltage application, is used. The absolute value ??s of the amount of changes in the surface resistivity of the intermediate transfer belt within 2 seconds to 100 seconds from the beginning of voltage application is 0.3 [Log(?/)] or less, when the surface resistivity ?s is measured by applying a voltage of 500 V. The absolute value ??v of the amount of changes in the volume resistivity within 2 seconds to 100 seconds from the beginning of voltage application is 0.5 [Log(?·cm)] or less, when the volume resistivity ?v is measured by applying a voltage of 200 V.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a reference-pattern detecting transfer-body, a reference-pattern detecting unit, and a condition changing unit. The reference-pattern detecting transfer-body directly transfers a reference pattern image formed on an intermediate transfer body without a recording material. The reference-pattern detecting unit detects an optical reference pattern with respect to the image transferred onto the reference-pattern detecting transfer-body. The condition changing unit changes the image forming conditions based on a result of detection.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a reference-pattern detecting transfer-body, a reference-pattern detecting unit, and a condition changing unit. The reference-pattern detecting transfer-body directly transfers a reference pattern image formed on an intermediate transfer body without a recording material. The reference-pattern detecting unit detects an optical reference pattern with respect to the image transferred onto the reference-pattern detecting transfer-body. The condition changing unit changes the image forming conditions based on a result of detection.

Abstract: A housing of a rotation type camera apparatus has a standing installation surface for standing installation and a wall-mounting installation surface for wall-mounting installation. The housing is also provided with a dome type cover composing a shooting window facing in a slanting direction with respect to a horizontal direction in a standing-mounting position and in a wall-mounting position. A camera is provided so as to be able to shoot outside from the shooting window. A camera rotation device is accommodated in the dome and has a pan rotation axis based on the horizontal direction. The shooting window faces in an appropriate direction in both the standing-mounting position and the wall-mounting position. Since the pan rotation axis is set based on the horizontal direction, a viewer's eyes do not run up and down so much during the pan rotation.

Abstract: An intermediate image transfer type of image forming apparatus of the present invention includes an image carrier, an intermediate image transfer body, primary image transferring means for transferring a toner image from the image carrier to the intermediate image transfer body, and secondary image transferring means for transferring the toner image from the intermediate image transfer body to a sheet. When the surface resistivity of the intermediate image transfer body is measured by a method that repeatedly applies a voltage of 200 V for 60 seconds to the intermediate image transfer body and grounds the intermediate image transfer body for 10 seconds 1,000 consecutive times, a difference in absolute value between the logarithm of the first time of measurement and that of the thousandth time of measurement is 0.5 log ?/? or below.

Abstract: A camera is covered with a camera housing. The camera and the camera housing form a shooting window portion of a double structure having a clearance. A blowing tunnel communicated with the clearance of the shooting window portion is arranged on each of both sides of the shooting window portion. A blower sends a wind to the shooting window portion through the blowing tunnel. Further, a heater for heating the air sent to the shooting window portion is arranged in the blowing tunnel. Thus, dew condensation preventing ability can be improved by such a construction.

Abstract: A housing of a rotation type camera apparatus has a standing installation surface for standing installation and a wall-mounting installation surface for wall-mounting installation. The housing is also provided with a dome type cover composing a shooting window facing in a slanting direction with respect to a horizontal direction in a standing-mounting position and in a wall-mounting position. A camera is provided so as to be able to shoot outside from the shooting window. A camera rotation device is accommodated in the dome and has a pan rotation axis based on the horizontal direction. The shooting window faces in an appropriate direction in both the standing-mounting position and the wall-mounting position. Since the pan rotation axis is set based on the horizontal direction, a viewer's eyes do not run up and down so much during the pan rotation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a reference-pattern detecting transfer-body, a reference-pattern detecting unit, and a condition changing unit. The reference-pattern detecting transfer-body directly transfers a reference pattern image formed on an intermediate transfer body without a recording material. The reference-pattern detecting unit detects an optical reference pattern with respect to the image transferred onto the reference-pattern detecting transfer-body. The condition changing unit changes the image forming conditions based on a result of detection.

Abstract: A housing of a rotation type camera apparatus has a standing installation surface for standing installation and a wall-mounting installation surface for wall-mounting installation. The housing is also provided with a dome type cover composing a shooting window facing in a slanting direction with respect to a horizontal direction in a standing-mounting position and in a wall-mounting position. A camera is provided so as to be able to shoot outside from the shooting window. A camera rotation device is accommodated in the dome and has a pan rotation axis based on the horizontal direction. The shooting window faces in an appropriate direction in both the standing-mounting position and the wall-mounting position. Since the pan rotation axis is set based on the horizontal direction, a viewer's eyes do not run up and down so much during the pan rotation.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an electric resistance member of an image forming apparatus which can maintain good image quality, without the occurrence of transfer defects such as insufficient transfer, even in a long-term use. An intermediate transfer belt of the image forming apparatus, which is evaluated based on a fluctuation characteristic of the resistivity in a period of continuous voltage application, is used. The absolute value ??s of the amount of changes in the surface resistivity of the intermediate transfer belt within 2 seconds to 100 seconds from the beginning of voltage application is 0.3 [Log(?/)] or less, when the surface resistivity ?s is measured by applying a voltage of 500 V. The absolute value ??v of the amount of changes in the volume resistivity within 2 seconds to 100 seconds from the beginning of voltage application is 0.5 [Log(?·cm)] or less, when the volume resistivity ?v is measured by applying a voltage of 200 V.

Abstract: An intermediate image transfer type of image forming apparatus of the present invention includes an image carrier, an intermediate image transfer body, primary image transferring means for transferring a toner image from the image carrier to the intermediate image transfer body, and secondary image transferring means for transferring the toner image from the intermediate image transfer body to a sheet. When the surface resistivity of the intermediate image transfer body is measured by a method that repeatedly applies a voltage of 200 V for 60 seconds to the intermediate image transfer body and grounds the intermediate image transfer body for 10 seconds 1,000 consecutive times, a difference in absolute value between the logarithm of the first time of measurement and that of the thousandth time of measurement is 0.5 log &OHgr;/□ or below.

Abstract: A housing of a rotation type camera apparatus has a standing installation surface for standing installation and a wall-mounting installation surface for wall-mounting installation. The housing is also provided with a dome type cover composing a shooting window facing in a slanting direction with respect to a horizontal direction in a standing-mounting position and in a wall-mounting position. A camera is provided so as to be able to shoot outside from the shooting window. A camera rotation device is accommodated in the dome and has a pan rotation axis based on the horizontal direction. The shooting window faces in an appropriate direction in both the standing-mounting position and the wall-mounting position. Since the pan rotation axis is set based on the horizontal direction, a viewer's eyes do not run up and down so much during the pan rotation.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a surveillance camera apparatus, comprising: a housing assembly having a slanted plate portion with an inner surface; and a camera assembly accommodated in said housing assembly, said slanted plate portion forming part of said housing assembly defining an opening therein, said opening having a central axis thereof, said opening having an imaginary inner surface flush with said inner surface of said slanted plate portion forming part of said housing assembly, and said imaginary inner surface of said opening having the shape of a circle, said camera assembly, including: a stationary member; a pan shaft having a pan axis thereof, said pan shaft being supported by said stationary member to be revolvable around said pan axis; a retaining member integrally formed with said pan shaft; a tilt shaft having a tilt axis thereof, said tilt shaft being retained by said retaining member to be revolvable around said tilt axis under the state that said tilt axis of said tilt shaft is in perpendicular rela

Abstract: A sintered metal body is disclosed of composition consisting essentially of in weight percent about 5 to 40 Cr, about 2 to 30 Al, 0 to about 5 special metal, 0 to about 4 rare earth oxide additive, and the balance Fe group metal and unavoidable impurities,the composition including at least one component selected from component A and/or component B, component A being special metal, and component B being at least an effective amount of rare earth oxide additive,the special metal being a first special metal component, and optionally, a second special metal component when rare earth oxide additive is 0, the first special metal component consisting of at least one of: Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, Ti, Si, and B, and the second special metal component consisting of at least one of: alkaline earth metal, Cu, and Sn, and the special metal being a third special metal component when rare earth oxide additive is >0, the third special metal component consisting of at least one of Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, Ti, Si, alkaline ear

Abstract: A solid state image sensor has vertical BCCD, semiconductor substrate and photoelectric transducer formed in thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate by comprising SIT (static induction transistor), wherein holes generated by incident light are stored in the photoelectric transducing part, and electrons of a number as many as m-times of the number of the stored holes are read out from the semiconductor substrate to the vertical BCCD, and thus sensitivity multiplication is obtained.

Abstract: A programmable channel selecting apparatus to be disclosed is comprised of a manually operated switch for selecting desired channels and for inputting preset times for desired channel reception, a channel selecting circuit for driving a tuner and a channel indicator in manual/auto channel selecting mode, a channel preselecting circuit which, in channel preselection mode, memorizes a desired channel and a desired time for the channel reception in advance while at the same time causes a channel indicator to indicate the preselected channel and in auto-channel selection mode, applies a preselected channel signal to the channel selecting circuit when time reaches the preset time, those being all connected a common signal line, and an inhibiting circuit for preventing an erroneous operation. With such a construction, inputting and displaying of a selected channel and a preset or preselected channel can be made through one system of a channel preselection switch and a channel display.