Abstract: A pressure sensor has a stem in which a pressure introduction hole into which a pressure medium is introduced and a diaphragm deformable according to the pressure of the pressure medium are formed, and a strain detecting element which is arranged on the diaphragm via an insulating film and being configured to output a detection signal according to the deformation of the diaphragm. The strain detecting element is configured to have a portion made of polysilicon. A low doping layer having a higher electrical resistivity than polysilicon and a higher crystallinity than the insulating film is arranged between the insulating film and the strain detecting element.

Abstract: The invention provides gastroenterological cancer determination methods that involve contacting a specimen, an antibody 1 that recognizes an ? chain of human haptoglobin, and an antibody 2 that recognizes a ? chain of human haptoglobin and does not recognize human haptoglobin in which an S—S bond is cleaved to form a complex 1, or contacting the specimen and two antibodies selected from the antibodies 2 that recognize a ? chain of human haptoglobin and do not recognize human haptoglobin in which an S—S bond is cleaved to form a complex 2. A determination is made based on the measurement of complex 1 or 2. Alternatively, the specimen and two antibodies selected from the antibodies 1 that recognize an ? chain of human haptoglobin are contacted to form a complex 3, and a determination is made by comparing the measurement results of complex 1 or 2 with complex 3.

Abstract: The invention provides gastroenterological cancer determination methods that involve contacting a specimen, an antibody 1 that recognizes an ? chain of human haptoglobin, and an antibody 2 that recognizes a ? chain of human haptoglobin and does not recognize human haptoglobin in which an S—S bond is cleaved to form a complex 1, or contacting the specimen and two antibodies selected from the antibodies 2 that recognize a ? chain of human haptoglobin and do not recognize human haptoglobin in which an S—S bond is cleaved to form a complex 2. A determination is made based on the measurement of complex 1 or 2. Alternatively, the specimen and two antibodies selected from the antibodies 1 that recognize an ? chain of human haptoglobin are contacted to form a complex 3, and a determination is made by comparing the measurement results of complex 1 or 2 with complex 3.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass molded product includes the steps of preparing a lower die including a lower die surface and a space forming surface formed to extend downward away from an outer edge end portion of the lower die surface with the outer edge end portion being defined as a starting point, preparing an outer frame including an annularly formed inner circumferential surface, arranging the lower die on an inner side of the outer frame, dropping a prescribed amount of molten glass droplet onto the lower die surface such that a surface of the molten glass droplet connects the outer edge end portion and a portion of the inner circumferential surface located above a position of the outer edge end portion to each other and the molten glass droplet does not wet-spread over the space forming surface, and pressurizing and molding the molten glass droplet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass molded product includes the steps of preparing a lower die including a lower die surface and a space forming surface formed to extend downward away from an outer edge end portion of the lower die surface with the outer edge end portion being defined as a starting point, preparing an outer frame including an annularly formed inner circumferential surface, arranging the lower die on an inner side of the outer frame, dropping a prescribed amount of molten glass droplet onto the lower die surface such that a surface of the molten glass droplet connects the outer edge end portion and a portion of the inner circumferential surface located above a position of the outer edge end portion to each other and the molten glass droplet does not wet-spread over the space forming surface, and pressurizing and molding the molten glass droplet.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a pair of dies that form each cylindrical surface, and a plane member that forms side surfaces of an element. The upper die and the lower die has a cylindrical surface which is worked so as to have generatrix which connects intersection points between a non-arc axis and a cylindrical section and between an arc center axis and the cylindrical section. The plane member is pressed against reference surfaces of the upper die and the lower die. In this state, a glass material is put between the upper die and the lower die, and a distance between the upper die and the lower die is decreased. As a result, the cylindrical surfaces of the upper die and the lower die and the plane of the plane member are transferred onto the glass material.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element manufacturing method by which optical elements, such as a beam shaping element having a molded side surface, are highly efficiently and accurately manufactured by pressure-molding a molten glass drop. After supplying a lower molding die with the molten glass drop of a prescribed volume at a temperature higher than that of the molding die, the molten glass drop is pressure-molded by the molding die, and a free surface solidified without being in contact with the molding die is formed between a molded upper surface and the molded side surface. The volume of the molten glass drop to be supplied is 0.8 times or more but not more than 0.97 times the volume of a space configured by an extended molded upper surface, an extended molded side surface and the molded lower surface when the molded upper surface and the molded side surface are extended.

Abstract: There is provided a device for manufacturing a molded glass body, including a fall-prevention means for preventing the glass molded body which has stuck on the upper mold from falling down on the lower mold. Thus, the molded glass body does not damage the lower mold, even if the molded glass body which has stuck on the upper mold falls down from the upper mold, during a period from an end of the pressure molding to releasing and withdrawing the molded glass body obtained by the pressure molding from the any one of the upper mold and the lower mold.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element manufacturing method for manufacturing optical elements having opposing optical surfaces by using a pair of molding dies having molding surfaces, in which each molding die is provided with a molding surface for molding a first optical element and a molding surface for molding a second optical element, wherein the later molding surface is distinct from the former one and is used to adjust the relative positions of the pair of molding dies, and in which each molding die is used to perform the steps of: molding the second optical element; determining the misalignment between the opposing optical surfaces from the transmitted wavefront aberration of the second optical element; adjusting the relative position between the molding dies on the basis of the determined relative displacement; and molding the first optical element by using the molding dies, the relative position of which has been adjusted.

Abstract: There is provided a device for manufacturing a molded glass body, including a fall-prevention means for preventing the glass molded body which has stuck on the upper mold from falling down on the lower mold. Thus, the molded glass body does not damage the lower mold, even if the molded glass body which has stuck on the upper mold falls down from the upper mold, during a period from an end of the pressure molding to releasing and withdrawing the molded glass body obtained by the pressure molding from the any one of the upper mold and the lower mold.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a molded glass body, wherein, in a mold-releasing step of releasing and withdrawing a molded body obtained after pressure-molding, from molds, relative positions of an upper mold and a lower mold are moved to take a retracting position at which, even if the molded glass body which has stuck on the upper mold falls down from the upper mold, the molded glass body does not fall on the lower mold. Thus, even if the molded body falls down from the upper mold, the molded glass body does not damage the lower mold.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element manufacturing method by which optical elements, such as a beam shaping element having a molded side surface, are highly efficiently and accurately manufactured by pressure-molding a molten glass drop. After supplying a lower molding die with the molten glass drop of a prescribed volume at a temperature higher than that of the molding die, the molten glass drop is pressure-molded by the molding die, and a free surface solidified without being in contact with the molding die is formed between a molded upper surface and the molded side surface. The volume of the molten glass drop to be supplied is 0.8 times or more but not more than 0.97 times the volume of a space configured by an extended molded upper surface, an extended molded side surface and the molded lower surface when the molded upper surface and the molded side surface are extended.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass molding, in which a glass molding of stable quality can be efficiently produced through minimizing of temperature fluctuation of molten glass drops at pressure molding operation; and an apparatus for production of a glass molding used in this process. Molten glass drops are fed into an inferior die by causing the molten glass drops to fall from above toward the inferior die. The arrival of molten glass drops having fallen at a given location is detected, and pressurization of the molten glass drops by means of molding dies is initiated upon the passage of a given time since the detection.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a pair of dies that form each cylindrical surface, and a plane member that forms side surfaces of an element. The upper die and the lower die has a cylindrical surface which is worked so as to have generatrix which connects intersection points between a non-arc axis and a cylindrical section and between an arc center axis and the cylindrical section. The plane member is pressed against reference surfaces of the upper die and the lower die. In this state, a glass material is put between the upper die and the lower die, and a distance between the upper die and the lower die is decreased. As a result, the cylindrical surfaces of the upper die and the lower die and the plane of the plane member are transferred onto the glass material.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of a glass product, comprising: a plurality of lower molds; a nozzle for allowing a molten glass droplet to drop therefrom; and a shifting unit for successively shifting any one of lower molds, selected among the lower molds, to a dropping position at which the molten glass droplet drops from the nozzle in synchronized timing with dropping of the molten glass droplet, which can efficiently press-mold molten glass droplets that are allowed to drop from a nozzle of a melting tank; and a manufacturing method applied to the apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a glass whose viscosity index (A) defined as a value obtained by dividing the viscosity of the glass at the liquidus temperature thereof by the liquidus temperature of the glass is in the range of 0.0004 to 1.5. Such a glass is melted in a melting furnace equipped with a nozzle, and the molten glass is dropped from the nozzle intermittently and regularly to obtain glass droplets. The glass droplet naturally dropped from the nozzle is received by a receiving mold to form a glass gob. The glass gob can be used as a preform for reheating molding. Further, it is possible to produce an optical glass element having no plane defect such as a shear mark by press-molding a hot glass gob with an upper mold just after the glass gob is received by the receiving mold.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently mass-producing square-shaped optical elements having high decentering accuracy. For this reason, a molded article where a plurality of optical elements are arranged is manufactured by one-time molding by using one set of molds. The molded article obtained in such a manner is cut into individual optical elements.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a pair of dies that form each cylindrical surface, and a plane member that forms side surfaces of an element. The upper die and the lower die has a cylindrical surface which is worked so as to have generatrix which connects intersection points between a non-arc axis and a cylindrical section and between an arc center axis and the cylindrical section. The plane member is pressed against reference surfaces of the upper die and the lower die. In this state, a glass material is put between the upper die and the lower die, and a distance between the upper die and the lower die is decreased. As a result, the cylindrical surfaces of the upper die and the lower die and the plane of the plane member are transferred onto the glass material.