Abstract: A communication apparatus has an upper-layer evaluation parameter acquisition part configured to acquire an evaluation parameter for an upper-side layer among a plurality of layers included in a network, a fragment-size decision part configured to decide a fragment size to be used in dividing a packet that includes information of an upper-side layer into fragments, based on the evaluation parameter acquired by the upper-layer evaluation parameter acquisition part, and a fragment controller configured to divide the packet into a plurality of fragments based on the fragment size.

Abstract: An optical sensor including an abutment part configured to abut one edge of an object to be measured, a wall extending along a side of the object to be measured and having a first opening to pass light emitted to the object to be measured, and a first concave portion formed between the first opening and the abutment part on a side of the wall to position the object to be measured. A paper-type discrimination device including the optical sensor, and a controller configured to discriminate a paper type of the object using the reflection light from the object measured by the optical sensor. An image forming apparatus including the optical sensor or the paper-type discrimination device.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a transmission cancellation method includes setting, when a broadcast message is received, a waiting time randomized within a predetermined interval; reserving, in a case where a message which is deemed to be the same as the received message is not received for a predetermined number of times until the waiting time passes, transmission of the message by broadcasting, but not reserving, in a case where the message is received for the predetermined number of times, the transmission of the message by broadcasting; and cancelling the transmission of the message of which transmission is received, in a case where the message of which transmission is reserved is broadcast with timing of a broadcast time slot and a message which is deemed to be the same as the message of which transmission is reserved is received for the predetermined number of times.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a management apparatus includes a receiver, a first calculator, and a second calculator. The receiver is configured to receive existence information from communication apparatuses, the information probabilistically indicating characteristics of identification information of other communication apparatuses detected by a corresponding communication apparatus. The first calculator is configured to calculate, for each communication apparatus, some of the identification information, as a first set indicating a set of other communication apparatuses detectable by the communication apparatuse. The second calculator is configured to calculate, for each communication apparatus, a second set with a smaller number of false positives than the corresponding first set, as existence probability information, based on the existence information and the first set.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a detector to detect a mobile object by referring to sensing information; a first communicating unit to communicate mobile object information, which is related to a detection result of the mobile object, with another wireless communication device; a first calculator to calculate a moving path of the mobile object between wireless communication devices by referring to the detection result of the mobile object and mobile object information received from the other wireless communication device; a second communicating unit to communicate movement information, which is related to the moving path of the mobile object, with the other wireless communication device; and a second calculator to calculate distances between wireless communication devices that are dependent on the number of times of movement in the moving path by referring to the calculated moving path and movement information received from the other wireless communication device.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication control device includes a generation unit and a control unit. The generation unit generates, in a system using a group key block, a group key corresponding to an individual communication group formed by two communication devices by using an manipulation command including a digital signature of the communication control device. The control unit controls a group manipulation of the communication devices by using a group manipulation command message to which an authentication code according to the generated group key is attached.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication system is connected to a plurality of communication devices. The system includes a controller configured to control, by using a group identifier representing semantics of a group including at least one of the communication devices, the at least one of the communication devices that has been authenticated when the group is operated. An index is assigned to the at least one of the communication devices.

Abstract: A communication device according to an embodiment is included in a multi-hop network. The communication device includes a holder, a storage, a switcher, and a controller. The holder holds communication data. The storage stores path information including an identifier that identifies a communication path and destination information that indicates a destination of communication data on the communication path. The switcher switches a communication path used to transmit communication data on the basis of the path information stored in the storage. The controller transmits communication data to a destination of a communication path switched by the switcher.

Abstract: A sensor device is disclosed, including a database, and a processing apparatus. The database includes, for multiple different first types of objects, a first output data which are output data of an optical system acquired beforehand for each of the first objects in a case in which a surface of one side of the first object is set as the detection surface; and a second output data which are output data of the optical detection system acquired beforehand for each of the first objects in a case in which a surface of an other side opposite to the one side of the first object is set as the detection surface. The processing apparatus matches measurement data with the database, the measurement data being the output data of the optical detection system which is acquired with respect to a second object, and determines a type of the second object.

Abstract: A moisture sensor for detecting moisture content of an object includes a light source to emit light having an infrared wavelength that is absorbed by water; an optical system to receive the light from the light source and output linearly polarized light having a first polarization direction in a direction toward the object, and to receive light scattered from the object and output linearly polarized light having a second polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction in another direction other than the direction toward the object; and a photodetector to receive the linearly polarized light having the second polarization direction output from the optical system.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication control device includes an acquisition unit, first and second authentication units, an output unit, and a connection permission unit. The acquisition unit acquires first authentication information for authenticating a communication device during initialization, via a first communication unit, from a terminal device that acquires and decodes encoded first authentication information. During initialization, the first authentication unit executes a connection authentication of the communication device via a second communication unit, based on the first authentication information. When the authentication is successful, the output unit encrypts second authentication information different from the first authentication information, and output the encrypted second authentication information to the communication device.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a light source; and an optical detector detecting intensity of light that is reflected by a recording medium, the light from the light source and irradiated onto the recording medium. Further, when an incident angle of the light incident the recording medium from the light source relative to a normal line of the recording medium is given as ?1, a formula 75°??1?85° is satisfied.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes an irradiation system emitting linearly polarized light of a first polarization direction toward a surface of an object from an incident direction inclined with respect to a normal to the surface; a first light detection system including a first light detector placed on a light path of light emitted from the irradiation system and specularly reflected by the object; and a second light detection system including a separation optical element placed on a light path of light diffusely reflected by the object, on a plane of incidence of the object, and extracting a linearly polarized light component of the first polarization direction included in the light diffusely reflected by the object, a second light detector receiving the linearly polarized light component of the first polarization direction extracted by the separation optical element and a third light detector receiving the light diffusely reflected by the object.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus, which is connected to an external apparatus, includes a device key storage unit, a creating unit, a calculating unit, a communication unit, and a key calculating unit. The device key storage unit stores therein a device key. The creating unit creates a media key from the device key and a media key block. The calculating unit calculates first output information on the basis of first inherent information inherent to the information processing apparatus and public information. The communication unit transmits the first output information to the external apparatus and receives second output information calculated by the external apparatus from the external apparatus. The key calculating unit calculates a shared key shared between the information processing apparatus and the external apparatus on the basis of the media key, the first inherent information, and the second output information.

Abstract: A communication control device includes an extracting and an output unit. One or more communication devices belong to a first-type group, and one or more communication devices belong to a second-type group. From a media key block containing a plurality of elements, the extracting unit extracts partial information containing an element which is processible by each communication device belonging to a subset of the second-type group. To the communication devices belonging to the second-type group that is identified by identification information corresponding to the partial information; the output unit outputs a group ID that indicates the first-type group, the identification information, and the partial information.

Abstract: There is provided an authentication server including: a network access authenticating unit and an address notifying unit wherein the network access authenticating unit receives, from an authentication relay connected to a network, a first authentication message for a communication device existing under the authentication relay, and execute network access authentication process with the communication device, and the address notifying unit notifies the communication device of the server's address information in accordance with a result of the network access authentication process.

Abstract: A communication control device includes an extracting unit and an output unit. The extracting unit extracts, from a media key block containing a plurality of elements, partial information that contains elements which can be processed by a communication device having a device ID thereof identified in identification information for identifying one or more device IDs.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a control device includes a detecting unit, a communication unit, and a control unit. The detecting unit detects that a power-supplied device is connected to a power supply line relaying supply of power. The communication unit receives consumer authentication information including consumer identification information for identifying a consumer from a communication device when it is detected that the power-supplied device is connected to the power supply line, transmits the consumer authentication information to a first server, receives power-supply-availability determination information representing whether supply of power to the power-supplied device is possible or not, from the first server, and transmits power measurement information representing power supplied to the power-supplied device through the power supply line and the consumer identification information to a second server.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus, which is connected to an external apparatus, includes a device key storage unit, a creating unit, a calculating unit, a communication unit, and a key calculating unit. The device key storage unit stores therein a device key. The creating unit creates a media key from the device key and a media key block. The calculating unit calculates first output information on the basis of first inherent information inherent to the information processing apparatus and public information. The communication unit transmits the first output information to the external apparatus and receives second output information calculated by the external apparatus from the external apparatus. The key calculating unit calculates a shared key shared between the information processing apparatus and the external apparatus on the basis of the media key, the first inherent information, and the second output information.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication control device is connected to communication devices and includes a storage, a generator, and an output unit. The storage is configured to store group information containing a group ID of a group and device IDs of the communication devices belonging to the group. The generator is configured to generate compressed information in which the device IDs are compressed. The output unit is configured to output, when the group information is updated, to all communication devices identified by the device IDs included in the group information after updating and to a plurality of communication devices including one or more of the communication devices identified by the device IDs not included in the group information after updating, output information containing identification information for identifying the group after updating and compressed information in which the device IDs included in the group information after updating are compressed.