Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid directly from ethylene under mild conditions is provided, wherein ethylene and oxygen are respectively coordinated with the respective transition metals contained in a specified composite catalyst system, and ethylene activated thereby is successively oxidized by two kinds of oxygen complexes contained in the system and having their electric charge states adjusted, the composite catalyst system comprising a complex represented by a formula (MmXn.Ll) and a complex represented by a formula (M'm'Xn'.L'l') wherein is a transition metal of the groups I, IV.about.VII and iron group; X, an anion; L, an organic phosphorus compound as a ligand; M', a transition metal of Pt group; L', a nitrile, organic fluorine compound or organic phosphorus compound as a ligand; m, m', n and n', each a number determined by the valences of the transition metals and anion; and l and l' each the number of ligands.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxygen-containing organic compound by oxidizing olefins under milder conditions is provided, which process comprises oxidizing an olefin activated by its complex formation, in the presence of a platinum group metal complex capable of forming an olefin complex through coordination of the platinum group metal with said olefin, and also in the presence of water, and further oxidizing and regenerating the resulting reduced platinum group metal complex with oxygen coordinated with a transition metal and activated thereby.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide-oxygen system fuel cell having overcome various drawbacks of such fuel cell and capable of using CO, as it is, as its fuel without employing any shift converters is provided, which fuel cell is provided with a diaphragm between an anode and a cathode to separate the two electrodes and characterized in using a solution containing at least a monovalent copper and a halide as a complexing agent for the copper, as the electrolytic solution for the anode, and reacting CO in the form of a carbonyl complex of the copper in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A novel process for producing oxygen-containing organic compounds with high selectivity and good yield by oxidizing organic compounds under mild conditions is provided, which process comprises using as a catalyst for the oxidation, a complex (M.sub.m X.sub.n.L.sub.l) consisting of a transition metal compound (M.sub.m X.sub.n) and an organic phosphorous compound (L) as a ligand, wherein M represents a transition metal belonging to group I, group IV.about.VII or iron group in group VIII of the periodic table; X represents an anion such as a halogen; ligand L represents an organic phosphorous compound; and m and n mean a number of the atomic valence of said transition metal (ion) M and said anion X, respectively, and l means a number of said ligand.

Abstract: A process for producing methyl ethyl ketone selectively and with a high yield by oxygen-oxidizing 1-butene under mild conditions is provided, which process is characterized by using a composite catalyst containing a complex (MmXn.Ll) capable of forming an oxygen complex by coordination of the complex with oxygen and a complex catalyst (M'm'Xn'.L'l') capable of forming a 1-butene complex by coordination of the complex with 1-butene, wherein M represents a specified transition metal such as Cu; X, an anion; L, an organic phosphorus compound as ligand; M', a specified transition metal such as palladium; L', a nitrile, organic fluorine or phosphorus compound as ligand; m, m', n and n', each a number determined by the valences of the transition metals and the anion; l and l', each the number of ligands.

Abstract: A process for producing acetone selectively and with a high yield by oxidizing propylene by means of the combined oxygen in an oxygen complex under milder conditions and at a single stage is provided wherein a composite catalyst comprising as catalyst components, a transition metal complex with the metal ion of which oxygen molecule can coordinate to form an oxygen complex, and another kind transition metal complex with the metal ion of which propylene can coordinate to form a propylene complex is employed, and propylene activated by the complex formation is oxidized by the combined oxygen activated by the complex formation to thereby obtain acetone.

Abstract: A process for producing acetaldehyde from ethylene under mild reaction conditions, selectively and with high yield is provided, which process comprises preparing a composite catalyst comprising a complex of a transition metal capable of forming an oxygen complex by coordination of oxygen molecule with the metal ion of the transition metal, and a complex of a transition metal capable of forming an ethylene complex by coordination of ethylene with the metal ion of the transition metal, and oxidizing ethylene activated by forming the ethylene complex with the combined oxygen in the oxygen complex, activated by forming the oxygen complex.

Abstract: A combustion process for reducing nitrogen oxides in combustors is proposed wherein combustion takes place successively forming an incomplete combustion zone, a reducing combustion zone, and a complete combustion zone, respectively corresponding to primary burners, secondary burners and air ports or after-burners, successively arranged in the direction of gas stream in a furnace. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce nitrogen oxides by improving a manner of combustion without providing any denitrating apparatuses for exhaust gas.

Abstract: A catalytic structure for treating exhaust gases is provided which is obtained by spraying molten aluminum onto the surface of a substrate such as wire netting, expanded metal, etc. in the presence of oxygen, to form on said surface of a substrate a roughened surface through deposit of fine aluminum particles thereon and also an aluminum oxide layer on said roughened surface, and adhering onto this layer a catalytic substance such as a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides.The catalytic structure has a high catalyst-retainability to prevent the catalyst from readily peeling off from the surface even when a mechanical impact is applied thereto. Further it exhibits a superior corrosion resistance even in a corrosive environment containing sulfuric acid; hence it is suitably employed for the apparatuses for treating exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a carbon monoxide absorbing liquid containing a cuprous ion, hydrochloric acid and titanum trichloride.Titanium trichloride is effective in increasing the carbon monoxide absorption quantity. Furthermore, titanium trichloride remarkably increases the oxygen resistance. Therefore, this absorbing liquid can be used continuously and for a long time.

Abstract: A hot gas containing nitrogen oxides is admixed with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water. Reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides by ammonia is considerably promoted in a temperature range of 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and also ammonia present in excess of the nitrogen oxides is decomposed thereby, eliminating an unreacted ammonia effluent.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides in a combustion flue gas are removed by reduction in a gaseous phase at a low temperature in the absence of any catalyst by adding urea and an oxidizing agent for decomposition of urea, such as ozone, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or oxy acids of chlorine or their salts. NO.sub.x removal can be carried out in a very simplified manner with high percent NO.sub.x removal.

Abstract: A new interface is interposed between a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer, and it consists of a nebulizer, an evaporator and a cooler. An effluent from the liquid chromatograph is nebulized by the nebulizer. The nebulized effluent is heated by the evaporator, and has only its solvent evaporated. A mixed fluid which consists of the evaporated solvent and the nebulized sample is guided to the cooler, and is cooled therein. At this time, the evaporated solvent is condensed again and is separated from the nebulized sample as a liquid. The nebulized sample left behind is guided to an ion source of the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from a flue gas by wet process, where the flue gas is contacted with a solution of transition metal complex compounds capable of reacting with oxygen in the presence of oxygen, thereby forming oxygen complexes, and the nitrogen oxides are oxidized and absorbed by the oxygen complexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides contained in a gaseous mixture such as combustion flue gas, etc. by reduction of the nitrogen oxides with ammonia, and a cuprous or cupric halide is used as a catalyst to carry out the reduction in a low temperature range. As a result, nitrogen oxides can be satisfactorily removed by the reduction even at about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of preventing scale from being deposited in case of producing fresh water from sea water by heating the sea water in a vapour pressure type evaporator and multiple stage flush evaporator and by condensing water vapour evolved to obtain the fresh water comprising adding to the sea water small amount of seed crystal selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide together with a surface active agent selected from the group consisting of a nonionic active agent and cation surface active agent.