Abstract: In the polishing apparatus and film inspection method, a polishing apparatus for polishing an object causes a relative movement between a polishing body and the polishing object. A polishing agent is then interposed between the polishing body and the polishing object. The polishing apparatus includes an optical measuring system capable of measuring at least one of a polished surface state of the polishing object or a film thickness of the polishing object and a position detection system capable of detecting relative positions of the optical measuring system and the polishing object. A control system is also included, and is capable of controlling at least one of the optical measuring system or the polishing object in accordance with position detection system signals so that prescribed endpoint detection regions of the polishing object are measured by the optical measuring system.

Abstract: A photographic recording apparatus capable of being small-sized and simplified in structure and reducing color aberration of an optical system. A refractive index distribution type lens array has a central axis arranged perpendicularly to a light emission direction of a fluorescent luminous tube. Light emitted from the fluorescent luminous tube passes through red (R), green (G) and blue (B) color filters, is incident on the lens array, is reflected on a first mirror and then is guided to a color film, resulting in forming an image on the color film. The fluorescent luminous tube is driven depending on data on R, G and B colors and the whole apparatus is moved with respect to the color film. The color filters are changed over and scan of the color film is carried out three times, so that an image of R, G and B colors may be formed on the color film.

Abstract: A present invention is directed to an apparatus which measures the optical absorption of a sample by photoacoustic measurement and has a configuration for improving the reliability and efficiency in this measurement and is directed to a sample holder applicable to this apparatus. In particular, this sample holder has a specific configuration for improving the reproducibility of acoustic propagation conditions.

Abstract: A circuit forming method having the step of forming, on an insulating board or a metallic foil layer, a resist pattern layer for patterning the metallic foil layer to be laminated to the board with a predetermined circuit by means of etching or lift-off, wherein the resist pattern layer forming step comprises the steps of forming an electric field distribution latent image corresponding to the circuit pattern by illuminating a predetermined area on a surface of a photoconductor charged beforehand with light for removing the charge of the surface of the photoconductor, forming a resist image corresponding to the circuit pattern by attaching a resist member charged reversely with respect to the latent image to the latent image, and transferring the resist image to the board or the metallic foil layer as the resist pattern layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprises a first electrode layer, an intermediate layer including an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer being laminated in succession, and an electrode member connected to one of the first and second electrode layers and extending in a predetermined direction perpendicular to the direction of lamination of the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer. The resistances R.sub.1, R.sub.2 respectively of the first and second electrode layers and the internal resistance R.sub.3 of the intermediate layer satisfy predetermined conditions to achieve uniform coloration.